De Martino, Stefano

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DE MARTINO, Stefano

Institutional Research Information System University of Turin

14 December 2021AperTO - Archivio Istituzionale Open Access dell'Università di TorinoOriginal Citation:From the Hearth of Anatolia to MesopotamiaPublisher:Terms of use:Open Access(Article begins on next page)Anyone can freely access the full text of works made available as "Open Access". Works made available under aCreative Commons license can be used according to the terms and conditions of said license. Use of all other worksrequires consent of the right holder (author or publisher) if not exempted from copyright protection by the applicable law.Availability:SkiraThis is the author's manuscriptThis version is available http://hdl.handle.net/2318/1677220 since 2018-09-25T10:14:12ZTIqlog 'slBIJelEIx snotJoJd asaqrSo uorleTnJJn oql pelToJluo, oq^À'slpnpr^rpu Surpeel3o erueEraura aq] ot palJauuoJ aq uel l€loru Jo ouolsJo eperu sloprJo uorsnJJrp oqJ'sp:e'§^mot pue samoq sE rlJns 's].\oluo) sqsoluop tuo4 oruo, dpsoru seuunSu,r(e1rar{l sBararl-r\ '('Jta 'adarpl '4niniptr[uaq '>lndoqerpTv le punoJ osoq] olID slErJnqql-r,r\ polelrosse -ilensn aJB soganlels ouo1s pue leletu e8y ezuo-rg ,{1.reg eql'souonlels ;o sdno;8 o,u.13rI1 ua3-\qaq uortJauuos l3eJrp ou sr oJoql q3noq11e 'ErIr) tuo4 seuo pedeqs-uqor^oql oqJs sauun8g eqt'adeqs ur JsInrJrJ'e,te"r8 3 ur poJolorsrp oJo^. seur.rnSg euolsatlr IIB lsourlB pue 'edelpx Jo elrs uprTolpuv oq] rro4 auroc e8y ozuor8 d1:reg eq1 o1alqBlep saurrn8g JalsBqBIV'se1rs ueaBev puE ue[uelodoseN ruo4 Suruoc souan]Bl.sùerodrueluos lseJlsqe oJoru .roqlo ruo4 ureqtr seqsrn8u4srp lerll JoIoEJBTIJ uerloleuv"re1n:rped 3 3^Eq seur"rn8g esoqJ'ode1ezoro11lB punoJ sB^l\ qsrq^a'lsBerq roq 1B plrr{JB IDI,!! u?tllo^ e sluese.rdeJ ieql oiienle1s leleru ar{l Jo ,r}srJo1seJer{c p osle sr sefieuflr{3nsJo }cedse Jr}srleJn}Eu arlJ'(t '3g) qe.tneIuaplo8 pue lsettr uoplo8 e q1r.tt eleldruocsoruor uelfioueseg lB punoJ eur"rn8g lBloru d"ru-rodrueluo, v'(g '3g) se-rn8g rrlBrueqrsdlduns oJE sJoq}o seoJor{,&\'seJn1eoJ rr1srpJn}Bu e,leq seBerur osaq}Jo eruos 'le}errr Jodelc;o operu uetuom opnuJo suorlcnpo"rdor eJB deql'e8yezuoJ8 d1"reg eq1 01 olqplepslsrrnq ur lndoqecelylB lqSII o11q8no"rq oro^, seurrnSg orqd-roruodorqlue lpro^os'1so^\ JoqUpJ selrs Joqlo pue se8e11ia, uerlolpuvlpJluo) uoo^ 10q suorleleJoperX oql go ecuenbesuo, p se rqe§-ny peqopor dlqerunse-rd 1nq ,,{11eco1 operu }ouoJo^A esoql 1e^o.,r\oH 'erlolBuv lpJlue) uI -rrqe§.ny }E oslB peJo^o)srp e"re.tn s.reldruexeoruos 'ErlolBuv uJolsoMSo uorSe.r oql q selrs tlro4 orrros sallenlBls e{r) eq} Jo []rJot-Bru 1s"^ eq1 q8noqlly'e13uer"r1 crqnd aq1 sossorls uorsr)ur pe{reru e :selpoQ IEU pu"sppeq e3;e1 q1r.tt 'olqJetu Jo operu ore ,,sellonlels ErIr),, pollec-os ar{J .)g Bruuoflrurprlr{l puP qunoJ oq} EuIJnp sIIo}?uV ur op?ru oq o} ponur}uor seuonXels oletuoC'uorlrsod Ierrosrl8lrl 3 ploq oqs 1uq1 1se33ns pFo^À ocuoq pu? lpos olEroqBlo uB qllÀ{ pauqurosuaos sI ecuelnd-roc Jor{'IJBJ ul:dlelcos ry.{oqleie) q o}II9 oq}Jo roqruour E ro,(tt'd 'z '3u) ,,sleurruvJo ssarlsr6,, poIIE)-os oql 'ssoppo8 e -roqtle luese-rda-r o11q8noq1s",rtrr aqs '4ndoq1e1e) 1B punoJ euorql p.redoel p uo poìEu 8uq1rs ueruo^ arnleru €e Burlrtdep ollonlels oql sl eldruexe u^aoul isoq ar{J 'so}rs 3lr{llioep ueqoteuy §dueur ui prmoJ slsEJa1JB eql Suorue poluaurn3op I[0À\ oJB uorrrom opnu.]o se8eru §STOOT glYhIgC NYI'IOTYNYYIhIVJOdOSIN OJYI]OJVNV CO JHVEH EHJ hIOUCili?lalruo^'uorp3 :.G'IO(USNNI HII.\\ -: : r ::-..: : .rirh crossed arms--;:- : -::a-Còlan! :- :- r: tr Òrnaments--:r: - '.':::eiyetler Muzesì, Ankarathe residenttaTmegara buildings at Kùltepe and the élite burials, such as those foundatAlacahòyùk, support the assumption that even the metal flgurines were prestigiousdisplay objects. The naturalistic aspect of some of these images, which distinguishesthem from the more abstract clay flgurines, could also be a distinctive trait of theobjects belonging to members of the eÌite.Statuettes were also found at KùÌtepe in the leveÌs of the flrst centuries of thesecond millennium BC. They are made of ivory or metal and reproduce naked god-desses depicted with hands under their breasts. The flgurines discovered in thephase Kùltepe Ib, which corresponds to the Assyrian colony period, show speciflciconographic characters, which can also be found in the Hittite plastic artefacts, suchas the round face, a big nose and an enigmatic smile.THE INTENTIONAL BREAKAGEFemale flgurines made of clay were unearthed in the excavations in the Anatolianthird millennium site of Koqumbeli. The flat body shape of these flgurines is similarto that of the KiÌia violin statuettes; in fact, it is flat with a semi-circular lower bodyon which the neck and the head are placed. The other body parts are only abstractlyrepresented, such as the arms, which are seen simpÌy as short protrusions, and thebreasts, which are depicted as hoÌes.Al in-depth analysis of the KoEumbeli statuettes demonstrated that many of themhad heen broken intentionally at the neck. The deposition of broken heads of claystatuettes is also documented at the aforementioned Neolithic site of QatalhÒyùk.Acts of intentional breakage were also noticed on some of the flgurines found at theSyrian site of TelI Halawa, which can be dated to the late EarÌy Bronze Age. Some ofthe broken heads seem to have been carefully buried.The head breakage might be linked to magic rituals, such as the rites of passage,and could refer to events such as adolescence and marriage, when a young womanwould cut her previous ties with her family and enter a new phase of life.SYRO -ME S OPOTAMIAhI CONNECTIONSTelÌ Brak is one the most fascinating archaeological sites in Syria. It was excavated byMax Mallowan, a prominent archaeoÌogist and the husband of Agatha Christie. TelIBrak was an important centre and hosted a huge temple, the so-called "Eye Temple",under which two oÌder sanctuaries were situated. The oldest one of these is knownas the "Gray Temple" and can be dated to the Late Chalcolithic III. It is here thatMaÌlowan unearthed a huge number of flat anthropomorphic flgurines in limestonewith geometric bodies and heads represented by two big eyes pÌaced directly ontothe neck. Sometimes a smaller flgure was incised directly onto the front of the body.This iconography supported the assumption that the objects represented womenand in the latter case a mother and chiÌd.These flgurines are generally interpreted as offerings to the deity venerated inthe temple, whose precise identity remains unknown. The symboÌism, which theC:'sseppo8 B sluosordal 1l lBql uoudlunssB eql suoddns ollonlBls slql Jo p?orl oqi uossoJppeorl pouroq oql'SIII )rlseu,{po}ord oql ol polep ,{ge"reua8 sr pue 's,te1ur ploBqlrÀ\'do11".reddoc BJo opuur sr e11on1e1s oqJ',,rIìJo ernseo"i1' poll?3-os aq] rn stJEJ-oUB snor)e;d ;eq1o qlrm Joqlo8ol rJpN 1B punoJ se.,in eurrn8g outrnrual apnu \',{lelerncce oJorrr pefloporrr sr oJe; req .{1uo pue steled ie1: go uou.:tr,.C'deaql [q ps>IJprrr oJp slseerq Jor{ pue dlecqeruaqrs poJopuo-r sr ipoq es.'q\.r'r=;-,;",opnu e;o sa8erur aldrlpur eJe so11onlpls oser{J'Jg rxnruuJlllru qr;E 4J- -: , * s:-'-:.-1e1s .{ep o1eruoJ ueruelodose6 Jo seJnleeJ arros lragal prrp :tE .1*r:il-r -;t::--.:::',r-aql ol polep oq uer deql'uoruor\\ apnu Bupuasa:da: sè:ta::?is '.e,- "-:!,*;;Er :::*'sdoqs>1.r0\\ prBS ur polnpo:dsiJEJdlJE aqtBulirl':-:r-.:::-::-l-. ----ì'- - .';:-::-ld;apod oi pelo-\ap sdoqsryo-rr IBJò\aS'lu;ui+-,ìis:rr-,a, ;--- -, :1 ,: Ei;: r-:;::--luourx)op sr uouecin;;u {n.i_l-tsilc! ?':l-...,.,:-. j. -- --. 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From the Hearth of Anatolia to Mesopotamia

https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1677220/1/Fromthehearth.pdf

From the Hearth of Anatolia to Mesopotamia

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