Continuing Education Free Session #4 - 1 FBPE CE Hour   Industry Overview  Systems Overview  FAR Part 107  Recent News  UAS Applications  UAS Research toward Integration  Question

Robbins, John, Ph.D.

Stansbury, Richard, Ph.D.

English

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

The Space Congress® Proceedings 2018 (45th) The Next Great Steps Feb 28th, 7:30 AM - 8:30 AM Integrating Unmanned Aircraft Systems into the National Airspace System Richard Stansbury Ph.D. Associate Professor of Computer Science and Computer Engineering at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, stansbur@erau.edu John Robbins Ph.D. Associate Professor and Program Coordinator for the Bachelor of Science in Unmanned Aircraft Systems at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, robbinsj@erau.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings Scholarly Commons Citation Stansbury, Richard Ph.D. and Robbins, John Ph.D., "Integrating Unmanned Aircraft Systems into the National Airspace System" (2018). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 8. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-2018-45th/feb-28-2018/8 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress® Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact commons@erau.edu. 1  Operational Challenges of Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Research and Education ConsiderationsJohn M. Robbins, Ph.D. and Richard  S. Stansbury, PhD• Industry Overview• Systems Overview• FAR Part 107 • Recent News• UAS Applications• UAS Research toward Integration• QuestionsOverviewFlight Line and Lab FacilitiesInspire I/IISensefly EbeeLatitude Engineering HQ-40Martin UAV SuperbatAdvanced Unmanned Systems Laboratory• What is it?– UAS, UAVs, RPAs – Drones– RC aircraft models– System of systems• Where did it come from and how has it changed?– Tactical ISR– Miniaturization of Technology– Availability– Application– Increased educational opportunitiesUAS TechnologyUAS ClassificationVertical Takeoff or Landing Fixed-WingHybrid Lighter than AirUAS DesignUAS DesignSystems ArchitectureUAS Integration• What are the issues with integration?• Steady demand for government, commercial, and hobbyist use of UAS into the NAS• 2012 – FAA Reauthorization and Modernization Act called for the integration of UAS into the NAS by 2015• 2015– NPRM Small UAS Rules– ASSURE FAA Center of Excellence for UAS launched• 2016 – Part 107 - Small UAS Rules released– microUAS Aviation Rulemaking Committee launched– FAA’s Drone Advisory Committee formed• No certification or airworthiness standards for UASState of Industry• RPC required for those operating commercially; Hobby aircraft under Section 336 of Public Law 112-95; AC-91-57 a• Governing those aircraft weighing less than 55 lbs. operating less than 100 mph– No FAA classification scale for those larger than 55 lbs.• Restricted to 400 ft. AGL within 400 ft. of a structure• Restricted to Visual Line of Sight Operations (VLOS)– Many aircraft have the capability to fly Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BLOS)– Expected rulemaking considering BLOS operations expected soon• May not operate over any persons not directly participating in the operation, not under a covered structure, and not inside a covered stationary vehicle• Daylight operations only– 333 exemptions issued for night operations• Must always yield right of way to manned aircraft• Minimum visibility 3 miles from control station• Ops. in B, C, D, and E airspace allowed with ATC permission– https://www.faa.gov/uas/request_waiver/• Ops. in Class G allowed with no ATC permissions• Must be registered in accordance with FAR Part 91.203 (a)(2)UAS IntegrationPart 107 OverviewApplications: Precision AgricultureApplication:  Law Enforcement and Public SafetyPost Hurricane Irma Damage AssessmentApplication: Infrastructure Monitoringhttps://www.avinc.com/public-safety/applications/oilandgashttp://www.suasnews.com/2015/06/36480/why-bnsf-railway-is-using-drones-to-inspect-thousands-of-miles-of-rail-lines/RailroadsPipelinesBridgesRoadsPowerlinesPowerplantsRefineriesEtc.Application: Science / Environmenthttps://www.cresis.ku.edu/content/news/newsletter/1240Gale UAShttp://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cruise/ha1402.phpOther ApplicationsDeliveryFilmmakingNews photographyReal-estateConstruction surveyInsurance assessmentPrivate detectives / spyingPaparazziHumanitarian aidhttp://www.uasblog.net/make-real-estate-more-yummily-throw-some-drone-sauce-on-it/https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-Prime-Air/b?ie=UTF8&node=8037720011The Path to Full IntegrationResearch PlanningSource: Sabrina Saunders-Hodge, Director UAS Research at FAA UAS Integration OfficeBriefing at ERAU Symposium for Unmanned and Autonomous Systems, November 30, 2017Source: Sabrina Saunders-Hodge, Director UAS Research at FAA UAS Integration OfficeBriefing at ERAU Symposium for Unmanned and Autonomous Systems, November 30, 2017Source: Sabrina Saunders-Hodge, Director UAS Research at FAA UAS Integration OfficeBriefing at ERAU Symposium for Unmanned and Autonomous Systems, November 30, 2017• Long title:  The Alliance for System Safety of UAS Through Research Excellence - The Federal Aviation Administration’s Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aerial Systems• Short title:  The FAA’s Drone Research Center• COEs are “entities with substantive ties to universities which advance the state of transportation knowledge within a particular aviation area• FAA William J. Hughes Tech Center manages COEs• COE’s get two funding vehicles • Grants (mandatory 1-to-1 cost share)• IDIQ Contracts (cost share negotiable)• 23 Schools, 100+ companies – big team for a big job!What is ASSURE?Certified Industry PartnersWorking with ASSURE• Collaborate with ASSURE partners– Join ASSURE Certified Partners team• Annual Membership Fee (based on size of organization)• Waivered for in-kind contributions to research reaching 10 times annual fee– Participate & influence research– Public reports released by the FAA– Non-certified partners are invited to public events• ASSURE Research & Development Corporation (ARDC)– 501(c)3 Non-Profit – Solve problems / seek opportunities outside work for the FAA– Leverages • ASSURE Alliance and its relationships• Knowledge and experience gained from FAA researchASSURE Research ProjectsProject Title LeadA1: Certification Test Case to Validate sUAS Industry Consensus Standards KSUA2: Small UAS Detect-and-Avoid (DAA) Requirements for Beyond-Visual-Line-of-Sight Operations (BVLOS) NMSUA3: UAS Airborne Collision Severity Evaluation WSUA4: UAS Ground Collision Severity Evaluation * UAHA5: UAS Maintenance, Modification, Repair, Inspection, Training, and Certification * KSUA6:  Surveillance Criticality Study * NCSUA7:  Human Factors Station Design Standards DUA8:  UAS Noise Certification MSStateA9:  Secure C2 & Spectrum Management OSUA10:  Human Factors UAS Control Station Certification and Procedures * ERAUA11 Low Altitude Safety: Part 107 Waiver Request Study UAHA12 Detection of sUAS near Airports MSUUAS for STEM NMSU* Indicates ERAU participation• ASSURE Executive Board Lead in Air Traffic Integration– Airport Ground Operations– ATC Interoperability– UAS Traffic Management• Technical Co-Lead– UA Pilot Training, Certification, and other UA Crew Training with KSU-Salinas– Control and Communication (C2) with NCSUERAU Technical Areasunder ASSURE• Supporting Research Areas– Detect and Avoid (DAA)– Human Factors– Airworthiness– Applications– Low-altitude operations– Noise Reduction and Wake mitigation– Spectrum Management– Economic Impact– Outreach Lead: University of Alabama – Huntsville ERAU PI: Feng Zhu, Mechanical Engineering Overview:o Project assesses the risk of UAS operations to persons and properties on the groundo ERAU assessed the human injury associated with a UAS strikeo Examine versus various UAS attributes including size, weight, shape, etc.o Modeling and simulation used to determine potential injury types and severitiesA4 – UAS Ground Collision Severity Evaluation Final reports at ASSUREUAS.org• 300 publications reviewed to evaluate existing injury metrics, battery standards, toy standards, and casualty models to determine applicability to small UAS• Three dominant injury metrics applicable to sUAS– Blunt force trauma injury – Most significant contributor to fatalities– Lacerations – Blade guards required for flight over people– Penetration injury – Hard to apply consistently as a standard• Collision Dynamics of sUAS is not the same as being hit by a rock– Multi-rotor UAS fall slower than metal debris of the same mass due to higher drag on the drone– UAS are flexible during collision and retain significant energy during impact– Wood and metal debris do not deform and transfer most of their energy• Payloads can be more hazardous due to reduced drag and stiffer materials• Blade guards are critical to safe flight over people• Lithium Polymer Batteries need a unique standard suitable for sUAS to ensure safety27A4 - Key Findings from the Ground Collision Severity Report Final reports at ASSUREUAS.org28Comparison of Steel and Wood with Phantom 3UAS Wood SteelTest Weight: 2.69 lbs.Impact Velocity: 49-50 fpsImpact Energy: 100-103 ft-lbs.Test Weight: 2.69 lbs.Impact Velocity: 52-54 fpsImpact Energy: 116-120 ft-lbs.Test Weight: 2.7 lbs.Impact Velocity: 52-53 fpsImpact Energy: 114-121 ft-lbs.Motor Vehicle Standards• Prob. of neck injury: 11-13%• Prob. of head injury: 0.01-0.03%Range Commanders Council Standards• Probability of fatality from…- Head impact: 98-99%- Chest impact: 98-99%- Body/limb impact: 54-57%Motor Vehicle Standards• Prob. of neck injury: 63-69%• Prob. of head injury: 99-100%Range Commanders Council Standards• Probability of fatality from…- Head impact: 99-100%- Chest impact: 99-100%- Body/limb impact: 67-70%Motor Vehicle Standards• Prob. of neck injury: 61-72%• Prob. of head injury: 99-100%Range Commanders Council Standards• Probability of fatality from…- Head impact: 99-100%- Chest impact: 99-100%- Body/limb impact: 65-71%Final reports at ASSUREUAS.org• Lead: Kansas State University – Salina• ERAU PI: John Robbins, College of Aviation• Overview:• In-depth analysis of maintenance operations and considerations that different from manned aircraft• Requirements for a maintenance program to ensure UAS remain airworthy• Requirements for training of maintenance personnel• Exploration of maintenance induced failures on the NASA5 – UAS Maintenance, Modification, Repair, Inspection, Training, and Certification Considerations Final reports at ASSUREUAS.org Lead: North Carolina State University ERAU PI: Mohammad Moallemi NEAR Lab Overview: Examination of surveillance technologies for UAS detect-and-avoid, Airborne RADAR,  ADS-B, Ground-based RADAR,  TCAS, etc.A6 – Surveillance Criticality for SAA   Determine the criticality of sensor(s) in ensure adequate separation of air traffic ERAU is supporting modeling and simulation Match 100% covered by Industry!Final reports at ASSUREUAS.org• Lead: ERAU• Richard S. Stansbury (PI) and Joe Cerreta (technical lead)• Overview:– Addresses all phases of flight for larger than small fixed-wing UAS– Address pilot and crew roles for: aviate, navigate, communicate, and contingency operations– Three major components:• Development of functional allocation and minimum control station requirements• Develop minimum environmental and ergonomic requirements for UAS control stations• Develop minimum pilot and crewmember procedures.A10 – Human Factors Considerations of UAS Procedures, & Control StationsFinal reports at ASSUREUAS.org Partnership with Booz Allen Hamilton on ACRP 03-42 “UAS at Airports” Development of guidance materials for stakeholders involved in operation at airports Stakeholders: UAS operators, airports, airport businesses, ATC, government (local, state, and federal), public, etc. Kicked off March 2017, 18 month research project Deep learning-based terrain classification for emergency landing site detection ERAU Internal Project Other Research Topics under Investigation: UAS cybersecurity Assured autonomy Airport environment integration UAS Air Traffic Management under FAA NextGen Multi-sensor UAS detection, identification, and tracking Vehicle health and recovery systems UAS as a service architecture Integrated modeling and simulation environments Numerous others…Non-ASSURE UAS Research toward Integration at ERAUUAS Integration is dependent upon education addressing operations, engineering, maintenance, and planning/logistics.UAS Integration is driven by applications.UAS Integration is enabled by innovation.Questions

Integrating Unmanned Aircraft Systems into the National Airspace System

https://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3673&amp;context=space-congress-proceedings

Integrating Unmanned Aircraft Systems into the National Airspace System

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