Gamba, Marco

Giacoma, Cristina

Riondato, Isidoro

Tan, C.

Yeqin, Y.

English

Institutional Research Information System University of Turin

 Abstracts  Folia Primatol 2011;82:248–281  DOI: 10.1159/000336259  20th Meeting of the Italian Primatological AssociationBussolengo, April 10–13, 2011Editors:  Caterina Spiezio ,  Lara Fistarol , Bussolengo, Italy   Oral Communications  Stress and Play Fluctuation in Wild  Lemur catta  D. Antonacci  a, b , I. Norscia a, E. Palagi  a, c  a Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, Università di Pisa, Calci, Pisa,  b Timesis s.r.l,San Giuliano Terme, Pisa,  c Unit of Cognitive Primatology and Primate Center, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies CNR, Rome, ItalyE-Mail: antonacci_daniela  @  yahoo.it  Key Words : Ring-tailed lemurs   Anxiety   Indicator   Scratching   Playful activity   Madagascar Strepsirhines have been neglected in the study of animal play. Yet, data from a wide array of primate taxa are needed to understand role, functions and social determinants of play. We investigated play behaviour in wild ring-tailed lemurs  (Lemur catta) at the Berenty Reserve (Madagascar) where two other sympatric lemur species, and potential resource competitors, live  (Propithecus verreauxi and  Eulemur fulvus) . We followed two groups of ring-tailed lemurs (9 and 16 individuals) from November 2006 to February 2007. We evaluated play fluctuation during possible stressful conditions, such as the presence of neighbour groups of conspecifics (C), and the presence of groups of other lemur species (NC). We considered the absence of any other group (A) as the control condition. We first verified whether the presence of other groups did increase stress levels in the study groups. Stress levels were measured via scratching, which previous studies have shown to be a reliable indicator of anxiety in human and non-human pri-mates. Scratching rates in the study animals were higher in the presence of other groups (C+NC) compared to when other groups were absent (A). Overall play rates were highest when other groups were nearby. In presence of NC groups, play rates decreased as NC groups approached the study groups. Instead, when only C groups were in sight, play rates increased as the distance between the study groups and other conspecifics decreased. Moreover, play was highest during extra-group aggressive encounters (involving C groups) whereas it was suppressed during intra-group fights. Our results suggest that play fluctuates in response to different stressful condi-tions and may be used as a mechanism to cope with anxiety.Published online: March 13, 2012 © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel0015–5713/11/0825–0248$38.00/0  Accessible online at:www.karger.com/fpr Fax +41 61 306 12 34E-Mail karger@karger.chwww.karger.comPrimates: Biodiversity and Conservation Abstracts 279Folia Primatol 2011;82:248–281 plastic lymphoid infiltrate, displaying a pseudo-follicular dense aspect. This complex histo-logical pattern was compatible with media cells intestinal lymphoma associated with a chronic enteritis. An intense and diffuse infiltration of lymphoid cells, resembling those invading the tonaca propria of the intestine, was detectable in the liver parenchyma. Histological sections were submitted to immunohistochemistry using a panel of antibodies (DakoCytomation, Den-mark) to human CDs specific for different lymphocyte lineages/stages. A relevant part of infil-trating lymphocytes in the intestine, most of the lymphocytes composing the intestinal neo-plasm, and the liver lymphoid infiltrate were immunoreactive for the T lymphocyte marker CD3. In human pathology enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma is a recognised complication of gluten-sensitive enteropathy. In comparative terms, the role of dietary-related disorders in cap-tive lemurs should be considered as a possible aetiology.  Is There a Correlation between Handedness and Target Laterality in the Pig-Tailed Macaque  (Macaca nemestrina) ?  B. Regaiolli  a , C. Spiezio  b , L. Fistarol  b , P. Valsecchi  a  a Department of Evolutionary and Functional Biology, University of Parma, Parma,  b Research Department, Parco Natura Viva – Garda Zoological Park, Bussolengo, ItalyE-Mail: barbara.regaiolli  @  gmail.com  Key Words :  Macaca nemestrina   Handedness   Target laterality   Object choice Few studies have examined the relationship between target’s laterality and hand preference in non-human primates. This study aims to verify whether monkeys’ handedness affects their choice of a target or whether target position determines a retrieval using the hand closest to it. Using a  two alternative choice test , seven pig-tailed macaques were presented with binary com-binations of food items (a jelly and a piece of pineapple) of the same shape and size. The position of the two different items was counterbalanced across trials. A monkey’s preference between food items was assessed by recording which of the two objects was retrieved first. Furthermore, the hand used to retrieve the favourite item (target) in each trial was recorded in order to evalu-ate hand preference and the target’s laterality effect. Our results suggest that macaques show a specific hand preference at individual level. Most of the subjects choose to use the hand closest to the target even though it was not the preferred hand. Furthermore, some macaques showed no lateralization when retrieving an item controlateral to their preferred hand. In conclusion, target position seems to affect the hand preference in retrieving an object. In contrast, the hand preference of macaques does not seem to be linked to the retrieval of an object.  Behavioural Displays of the Guizhou Snub-Nosed Monkey  (Rhinopithecus brelichi)  I. Riondato  a , C. Tan  b , Y. Yeqin  c , M. Gamba  a , C. Giacoma  a  a Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell’Uomo, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy; b San Diego Zoo’s Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, Calif., USA;  c Fanjingshan Natural Nature Reserve Administration, Jiankou, Guizhou Province, ChinaE-Mail: isi.riondato  @  gmail.com  Key Words : Ethogram   Repertoire   Social behaviour   Gray snub-nosed Monkey   China   Fanjingshan The entire population of Guizhou (or grey) snub-nosed monkeys ( Rhinopithecus brelichi ; Thomas, 1930), has an estimated size of 800 individuals and occurs only in a restricted area of Folia Primatol 2011;82:248–281 280  20th Meeting of the Italian Primatological Association 400 km 2 in the sub-tropical semi-deciduous broadleaf forests of Wuling mountains in the Fan-jingshan National Nature Reserve (Guizhou province, China). We aimed to construct an etho-gram of  Rhinopithecus brelichi and to increase knowledge about the behaviour of snub-nosed monkeys in general, for future quantitative comparison. We provide an ethogram for grey snub-nosed monkeys based on data collected from nine captive individuals (at Fanjingshan National Nature Preserve Rescue Centre). The observations from captive individuals were re-corded during a period of seven months, from June to December 2009. Their number and housing conditions changed several times during the study period. Ninety behaviours were recorded. They were grouped in three main categories: individual behaviours (then divided into six sub-categories: ingestion, locomotion, postures, maintenance, investigation and indi-vidual play), social behaviours (subdivided into sexual, affinitive, social play, submissive and aggressive/agonistic behaviour) and infant care. The detailed description of each behavioural display provides a standard for systematic and quantitative comparative studies of the genus  Rhinopithecus . We then compared our data with behavioural data of the other two Chinese endemic congeneric species:  Rhinopithecus bieti and R. roxellana . We observed that some be-haviours involving physical contact, e.g. Holding Lumbar, Kissing Back and Rocking, were not shown by  R. brelichi. A better understanding of  R. brelichi behaviour can help improve the breeding success of captive individuals and may provide useful insights for future field re-search.  Can Positive Reinforcement Training Enhance Welfare in Captive Vervet Monkeys  (Chlorocebus aethiops) ?  C. Spiezio  a , F. Piva  b , C. Giacoma  b  a Research Department, Parco Natura Viva – Garda Zoological Park, Bussolengo,  b Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell’Uomo, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, ItalyE-Mail: spiezio  @  parconaturaviva.it  Key Words : Training   Enrichment   Welfare    Chlorocebus aethiops  Studies show that training programmes may be fundamental to accustom captive non-human primates to isolation within a familiar area through positive reinforcement. Training is a procedure that allows medical treatment and behavioural research and improves animal wel-fare. A group of ten vervet monkeys  (Chlorocebus aethiops) housed at Parco Natura Viva (Bus-solengo, Italy) underwent a training programme before presenting them with a problem solving and social facilitation study. The focal animal sampling method was used to collect behavioural data on the monkeys during the pre-training period in order to assess social behaviour shown by the colony. The same method was used during the training period and immediately after the training session in order to understand the effects of the training programme on the behaviour of the subjects. Furthermore, each individual training session was video-recorded to detect the psychological well being of each individual during the training session in order to understand when the subjects could be involved in the cognitive research. The results of this study show significant differences across subjects when being trained. However, over a period of three months all the subjects were ready to be involved in the cognitive study. Furthermore, findings suggest that the training programme can enrich the everyday life of the captive primates to in-crease affiliative behaviour, decrease agonistic behaviour and increase activity. In conclusion, our study underlines the importance of the training programme as an important tool in hus-bandry care in order to improve animal welfare.

Behavioural Displays of the Guizhou Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi)

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Behavioural Displays of the Guizhou Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi)

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