Adnan, Shahid Khan

Irshad, Ahmed Abbasi

Shahzad, Ali

Unimas Institutional Repository

applied  sciencesArticleDynamic Multiple Junction Selection Based RoutingProtocol for VANETs in City EnvironmentIrshad Ahmed Abbasi 1,2,* ID , Adnan Shahid Khan 1 and Shahzad Ali 31 Department of Computer Systems and Communication Technologies, Faculty of Computer Science andInformation Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia;15010165@siswa.unimas.my (I.A.A.); skadnan@unimas.my (A.S.K.)2 Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Arts at Balgarn, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 60,Sabt Al-Alaya 61985, Saudi Arabia3 Department of Computer Science, Al Jouf University, Tabarjal 74331, Saudi Arabia; shahzad@ieee.org* Correspondence: irshad.upesh@gmail.com or aabasy@ub.edu.sa; Tel.: +966-537-080-524Received: 23 January 2018; Accepted: 16 February 2018; Published: 28 April 2018Abstract: VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) is an emerging offshoot of MANETs (Mobile Ad-hocNetworks) with highly mobile nodes. It is envisioned to play a vital role in providing safetycommunications and commercial applications to the on-road public. Establishing an optimal routefor vehicles to send packets to their respective destinations in VANETs is challenging because ofquick speed of vehicles, dynamic nature of the network, and intermittent connectivity among nodes.This paper presents a novel position based routing technique called Dynamic Multiple JunctionSelection based Routing (DMJSR) for the city environment. The novelty of DMJSR as comparedto existing approaches comes from its novel dynamic multiple junction selection mechanism andan improved greedy forwarding mechanism based on one-hop neighbors between the junctions.To the best of our knowledge, it is the first ever attempt to study the impact of multiple junctionselection mechanism on routing in VANETs. We present a detailed depiction of our protocol and theimprovements it brings as compared to existing routing strategies. The simulation study exhibits thatour proposed protocol outperforms the existing protocols like Geographic Source Routing Protocol(GSR), Enhanced Greedy Traffic Aware Routing Protocol (E-GyTAR) and Traffic Flow OrientedRouting Protocol (TFOR) in terms of packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and routing overhead.Keywords: intelligent transportation; multiple junctions; position based routing; optimal route1. IntroductionThe emerging Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is getting a spotlight from entities likeacademicians, research institutes, and industries because it is envisioned to play a very importantrole for the future transportation system. It aims at enhancing the driving experience of the usersby playing a crucial role in developing Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and road safety byproviding road conditions and vehicular traffic information to the drivers. For the safety of driversand regulating the flow of vehicles, the drivers have to be alerted to unwanted traffic accidents, trafficcongestion, road conditions, and other associated features. The main objective of VANETs is to addressthese issues by providing the exact and timely information to the drivers [1–12].In VANETs, nodes are self-organized and capable of communicating in an infrastructure-lessenvironment [1–5,13,14]. The integration of advanced wireless technologies in vehicles helps themto communicate without any infrastructure, which reduces the cost of hefty infrastructure deployment.For the wireless access in a vehicular environment, IEEE 802.11 committee has developed a standardnamed as IEEE 802.11p. For Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications,Appl. Sci. 2018, 8, 687; doi:10.3390/app8050687 www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci

Dynamic Multiple Junction Selection Based Routing Protocol for VANETs in City Environment

http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/25753/1/Dynamic%20Multiple%20Junction%20Selection%20Based%20Routing%20protocol%20%28abstract%29.pdf

Dynamic Multiple Junction Selection Based Routing Protocol for VANETs in City Environment

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