Limestone karst ecosystems in Sarawak are critical to the survival of bats since they offer
protection and permanent shelter for most bat species. Increasing growth of limestone quarry
and cave tourism industries in Malaysia impose threat to the cave-dwelling bats. Roost sites are
identified as the key habitat requirement for bats and may be the limiting resources in highly
disturb environment. Given the importance of cave to the bats, this thesis aims to understand
the cave used by bats by understanding their roost requirements and the population number of
bats roost in Wind Cave Nature Reserve (NR). Factors involved in roost selection were
investigated and number of bats roost in the cave were determined using new approach. Their
light intensity, roost temperature, ambient temperature, roost height, and distance of roost to
nearest entrance were identified as factor that influence roost selection of bats in Wind Cave
NR for dry and wet seasons. Eight species of bats that roost in Wind Cave NR were specific in
selecting their roost site. The roosts temperature are significantly different between species but
not by seasons. Further, using advanced remote sensing technology, the LiDAR system, bat
population in Wind Cave NR were measured through 3D image. There were 2,886 bats that
roosts in Wind Cave NR. Penthetor lucasi (megabat; n = 979) followed by Rhinolophus affinis
(microbat; n = 947) was found to be the highest number of species that inhabit the cave. In
addition, Wind Cave NR has been modeled into three-dimensional cave where its shows the
bat’s roost site accurately. Use of conventional species identification method along with the
new scanning technology allow to better understand bat fauna and better estimate their
population size