Presentation discussing the following research questions:   Is it possible to remotely evaluate potential emergency responder exposures using sUAS, or does the rotor wash from the sUAScause too much interference? What is the optimal configuration of mounting the VOC sensor on the sUASto obtain accurate exposure data

Marcham, Cheri

English

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Publications 2020 Application of Mounting Personal PID VOC Sensors to Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems to Aid First Responders Cheri Marcham Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, march617@erau.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/publication Scholarly Commons Citation Marcham, C. (2020). Application of Mounting Personal PID VOC Sensors to Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems to Aid First Responders. , (). Retrieved from https://commons.erau.edu/publication/1503 This Presentation without Video is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact commons@erau.edu. Application of Mounting Personal PID VOC Sensors to Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems to Aid First Responders•Current sUAS Uses • Search and rescue• Thermal imaging• Evaluating structural stability• Spread of wildfires• Storm damageSmall Unmanned Aerial Systems in Emergency Response•Crash Sites/Chemical Spills• Unknown exposures require full protection for responders until airborne concentrations can be characterized• Why not send indrones instead?Small Unmanned Aerial Systems in Emergency Response• Is it possible to remotely evaluate potential emergency responder exposures using sUAS, or does the rotor wash from the sUAS cause too much interference?• What is the optimal configuration of mounting the VOC sensor on the sUAS to obtain accurate exposure data?Research QuestionssUAS Platforms UsedDJI Mavic Pro with Ion Cub PID attached directly below the sUASDJI Inspire 1 with Ion Cub PID attached with a short tetherMock Spill Scenario• Jet-A and Gasoline• Steel Pan• Personal PID• Kestrel 5500 Weather Meter • wind direction and velocity• temperature• wet bulb• dew point• pressure• relative humidityNo Tether• Ripples on the surface05101520251 4 7101316192225283134374043464952555861646770737679828588919497100103106109112115118121124127130133136139142145148151154157160163166169172175178VOC Concentration (ppm) Time from Zero (sec.)No Tether, Mavic Pro Hovering over Pan, JetAStationary meter over pan at 2' (mean 0.15 ppm)Mounted on Mavic 16" hover (mean 5.82 ppm)Mounted on Mavic 2' hover (mean 10.3 ppm)Mouted on Mavic 3' hover (mean 4.22 ppm)Mounted on Mavic 5' hover (mean 1.22 ppm)0204060801001201401 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97 101105109113117121125129133137141145149153VOC Concentration (ppm)Time from Zero (sec.)No Tether, Mavic Pro Hovering over Pan, GasolineStationary meter over pan (mean 3.7 ppm)Mavic hover 3 feet (mean 67.4 ppm)Mavic hover 5 feet (mean 14.2 ppm)Mavic hover 10 feet (mean 4.1 ppm)051015202530354045501 4 7101316192225283134374043464952555861646770737679828588919497100103106109112115118121124127130133136139142145148151154157160163166169172175178181184187Axis TitleTime from zero (sec)No Tether, Inspire 1 Hovering over Pan, GasolineStationary meter over pan (mean 3.7 ppm)Inspire hover 3 feet (mean 2.25)* (statistically lower P=.02)Inspire hover 5 feet (mean 3.1)Inspire hover 10 feet (mean 0.175)• Goal was to collect data to generate 3D concentration mapNo TetherCircular Pattern Around the Pan  010203040506070809010015:17:43 15:17:51 15:18:00 15:18:09 15:18:17 15:18:26 15:18:35 15:18:43 15:18:52 15:19:00 15:19:09VOC Concentration (ppm)TimeVelcro Harness-Mounted on Inspire 13' High, 5' RadiusInspire Static010203040506012:33:00 12:33:15 12:33:30 12:33:45 12:34:00 12:34:15 12:34:30 12:34:45VOC Concentration (ppm) TimeVelcro Harness-Mounted on Mavic Pro5' High, 5' RadiusMavic StaticBy combining:• time points of PID concentrations• time points of sUASGPS location (adjusted for tether length) 3D Concentration PlotTether, 15, 30, 45 Feet  0102030405060708090100134671001331661992322652983313643974304634965295625956286616947277607938268598929259589911024105710901123115611891222125512881321135413871420145314861519155215851618165116841717175017831816184918821915194819812014VOC Concentration (ppm)Time from zero (sec.)Inspire 1 over Gasoline, with Tether, Run 1Static Over Pan Hung on the Inspire with a 45' tetherHung on Inspire with 30' tether Hung on Inspire with 15' tether02040608010012014016018011325374961738597109121133145157169181193205217229241253265277289301313325337349361373385397409421433445457469481493505517529541553565577589601613625637649661673VOC Concentration (ppm)Time from zero (sec.)Inspire 1 over Gasoline, with Tether, Run 2 Static over pan Hung on Inspire with 45' tetherHung on Inspire with 30' tether Hung on Inspire with 15' tether0102030405060708090100110192837465564738291100109118127136145154163172181VOC Conentration(ppm)TimeInspire 1 over Gasoline,15' Tether, First RunStatic over panHung on Inspire with 15' tether020406080100120140160180110192837465564738291100109118127136145154163172VOC Concentration (ppm)TimeInspire 1 over Gasoline,15' Tether, Second RunStatic over panHung on Inspire with 15' tether010203040506070115294357718599113127141155169183197211225239253267281295309323337351365379393407421435449463477491505519533547561575589603617631645659673687701715729743757771785799813827VOC Concentration (ppm) Time from zeroMavic Pro with Tether, GasolineOver Pan Mavic with 45' tether Mavic with 30' tether Mavic with 15' tether010203040506012:12:58 12:13:41 12:14:24 12:15:07 12:15:50VOC Concentration (ppm)TimeMavic Pro with 15 Tether, GasolineMavic Static0.010.020.030.040.050.015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50VOC Concentration  (ppm)Tether Length (ft)Influence of Tether, Inspire 1Inspire Sensor Reading Static Sensor Reading0510152025303515 20 25 30 35 40 45 50VOC Concentration (ppm)Tether Length (ft)Influence of Tether, Mavic ProMavic Sensor Reading Static Sensor Reading• If the sensor is mounted directly on the drone, and the drone hovers directly over the spill, it depends on the drone configurations as to whether the vapor concentrations detected are higher or lower than ambient levels without the drone presentResults/Conclusions• If the sensor is mounted directly on the drone, and the drone is not directly over the spill, the vapors from the spill did not always reach the sensor and were not always detected.Results/Conclusions• The hanging sensor data at 15, 30, and 45 feet below the sUAS provided similar readings to the static sensor data. • However, even with the use of a 30’ tether, a ripple from the rotor wash could be visibly seen on the surface, potentially elevating measured exposure levels, thus interfering with the ability to accurately measure potential emergency responder exposure levels.Results/Conclusions• With the sUAS platforms used for this experiment, a 45 foot tether provided the optimal length of separation from the rotors to be able to estimate exposures above the spill. • However, using a tether that long is potentially limiting because of the potential for interference by ground objects and the potential impact of wind on the hanging sensor. • The UAS operators reported a lot of drift in the operation of the UAS, and it was hard to keep the aircraft level Results/Conclusions• With a 15 foot tether, there was a strong similarity between the sensors, but the concentration was also at the highest point, so estimating potential responder exposure is impacted.• The UAS operators reported that using a shorter tether was more stable than the longer tethers.• Using a 15 foot tether could be useful if the intent is to detect the presence of a spill, but not to determine responder exposure. Results/Conclusions• Full characterization of the impact of rotorwash for each type of UAS• Optimization of the placement of the VOC sensorFurther Studies Needed Research Team (left to right):Scott Burgess, Brandon Breault, Joe Cerreta, Josh Marcham, Patti Clark, Cheri Marcham Questions?

Application of Mounting Personal PID VOC Sensors to Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems to Aid First Responders

Small Unmanned Aerial Systems in Emergency Response   Current sUAS Uses  Search and rescue Thermal imaging Evaluating structural stability Spread of wildfires Storm damag

Publications 6-2020 Application of Mounting Personal PID VOC Sensors to Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems to Aid First Responders Cheri Marcham Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, march617@erau.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/publication  Part of the Aeronautical Vehicles Commons, Emergency and Disaster Management Commons, Industrial Technology Commons, and the Systems Engineering and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Commons Scholarly Commons Citation Marcham, C. (2020). Application of Mounting Personal PID VOC Sensors to Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems to Aid First Responders. , (). Retrieved from https://commons.erau.edu/publication/2034 This Presentation without Video is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact commons@erau.edu. Application of Mounting Personal PID VOC Sensors to Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems to Aid First RespondersCheri Marcham, PhD, CIH, CSP, FAIHAEmbry-Riddle Aeronautical  University•Current sUAS Uses • Search and rescue• Thermal imaging• Evaluating structural stability• Spread of wildfires• Storm damageSmall Unmanned Aerial Systems in Emergency Response•Crash Sites/Chemical Spills• Unknown exposures require full protection for responders until airborne concentrations can be characterized• Why not send indrones instead?Small Unmanned Aerial Systems in Emergency Response• Is it possible to remotely evaluate potential emergency responder exposures using sUAS, or does the rotor wash from the sUAS cause too much interference?• What is the optimal configuration of mounting the VOC sensor on the sUAS to obtain accurate exposure data?Research QuestionssUAS Platforms UsedDJI Mavic Pro with Ion Cub PID attached directly below the sUASDJI Inspire 1 with Ion Cub PID attached with a short tetherMock Spill Scenario• Jet-A and Gasoline• Steel Pan• Personal PID• Kestrel 5500 Weather Meter • wind direction and velocity• temperature• wet bulb• dew point• pressure• relative humidityNo Tether• Ripples on the surface05101520251 4 7101316192225283134374043464952555861646770737679828588919497100103106109112115118121124127130133136139142145148151154157160163166169172175178VOC Concentration (ppm) Time from Zero (sec.)No Tether, Mavic Pro Hovering over Pan, JetAStationary meter over pan at 2' (mean 0.15 ppm)Mounted on Mavic 16" hover (mean 5.82 ppm)Mounted on Mavic 2' hover (mean 10.3 ppm)Mouted on Mavic 3' hover (mean 4.22 ppm)Mounted on Mavic 5' hover (mean 1.22 ppm)0204060801001201401 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97 101105109113117121125129133137141145149153VOC Concentration (ppm)Time from Zero (sec.)No Tether, Mavic Pro Hovering over Pan, GasolineStationary meter over pan (mean 3.7 ppm)Mavic hover 3 feet (mean 67.4 ppm)Mavic hover 5 feet (mean 14.2 ppm)Mavic hover 10 feet (mean 4.1 ppm)051015202530354045501 4 7101316192225283134374043464952555861646770737679828588919497100103106109112115118121124127130133136139142145148151154157160163166169172175178181184187Axis TitleTime from zero (sec)No Tether, Inspire 1 Hovering over Pan, GasolineStationary meter over pan (mean 3.7 ppm)Inspire hover 3 feet (mean 2.25)* (statistically lower P=.02)Inspire hover 5 feet (mean 3.1)Inspire hover 10 feet (mean 0.175)• Goal was to collect data to generate 3D concentration mapNo TetherCircular Pattern Around the Pan  010203040506070809010015:17:43 15:17:51 15:18:00 15:18:09 15:18:17 15:18:26 15:18:35 15:18:43 15:18:52 15:19:00 15:19:09VOC Concentration (ppm)TimeVelcro Harness-Mounted on Inspire 13' High, 5' RadiusInspire Static010203040506012:33:00 12:33:15 12:33:30 12:33:45 12:34:00 12:34:15 12:34:30 12:34:45VOC Concentration (ppm) TimeVelcro Harness-Mounted on Mavic Pro5' High, 5' RadiusMavic StaticBy combining:• time points of PID concentrations• time points of sUASGPS location (adjusted for tether length) 3D Concentration PlotTether, 15, 30, 45 Feet  0102030405060708090100134671001331661992322652983313643974304634965295625956286616947277607938268598929259589911024105710901123115611891222125512881321135413871420145314861519155215851618165116841717175017831816184918821915194819812014VOC Concentration (ppm)Time from zero (sec.)Inspire 1 over Gasoline, with Tether, Run 1Static Over Pan Hung on the Inspire with a 45' tetherHung on Inspire with 30' tether Hung on Inspire with 15' tether02040608010012014016018011325374961738597109121133145157169181193205217229241253265277289301313325337349361373385397409421433445457469481493505517529541553565577589601613625637649661673VOC Concentration (ppm)Time from zero (sec.)Inspire 1 over Gasoline, with Tether, Run 2 Static over pan Hung on Inspire with 45' tetherHung on Inspire with 30' tether Hung on Inspire with 15' tether0102030405060708090100110192837465564738291100109118127136145154163172181VOC Conentration(ppm)TimeInspire 1 over Gasoline,15' Tether, First RunStatic over panHung on Inspire with 15' tether020406080100120140160180110192837465564738291100109118127136145154163172VOC Concentration (ppm)TimeInspire 1 over Gasoline,15' Tether, Second RunStatic over panHung on Inspire with 15' tether010203040506070115294357718599113127141155169183197211225239253267281295309323337351365379393407421435449463477491505519533547561575589603617631645659673687701715729743757771785799813827VOC Concentration (ppm) Time from zeroMavic Pro with Tether, GasolineOver Pan Mavic with 45' tether Mavic with 30' tether Mavic with 15' tether010203040506012:12:58 12:13:41 12:14:24 12:15:07 12:15:50VOC Concentration (ppm)TimeMavic Pro with 15 Tether, GasolineMavic Static0.010.020.030.040.050.015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50VOC Concentration  (ppm)Tether Length (ft)Influence of Tether, Inspire 1Inspire Sensor Reading Static Sensor Reading0510152025303515 20 25 30 35 40 45 50VOC Concentration (ppm)Tether Length (ft)Influence of Tether, Mavic ProMavic Sensor Reading Static Sensor Reading• If the sensor is mounted directly on the drone, and the drone hovers directly over the spill, it depends on the drone configurations as to whether the vapor concentrations detected are higher or lower than ambient levels without the drone presentResults/Conclusions• If the sensor is mounted directly on the drone, and the drone is not directly over the spill, the vapors from the spill did not always reach the sensor and were not always detected.Results/Conclusions• The hanging sensor data at 15, 30, and 45 feet below the sUAS provided similar readings to the static sensor data. • However, even with the use of a 30’ tether, a ripple from the rotor wash could be visibly seen on the surface, potentially elevating measured exposure levels, thus interfering with the ability to accurately measure potential emergency responder exposure levels.Results/Conclusions• With the sUAS platforms used for this experiment, a 45 foot tether provided the optimal length of separation from the rotors to be able to estimate exposures above the spill. • However, using a tether that long is potentially limiting because of the potential for interference by ground objects and the potential impact of wind on the hanging sensor. • The UAS operators reported a lot of drift in the operation of the UAS, and it was hard to keep the aircraft level Results/Conclusions• With a 15 foot tether, there was a strong similarity between the sensors, but the concentration was also at the highest point, so estimating potential responder exposure is impacted.• The UAS operators reported that using a shorter tether was more stable than the longer tethers.• Using a 15 foot tether could be useful if the intent is to detect the presence of a spill, but not to determine responder exposure. Results/Conclusions• Full characterization of the impact of rotorwash for each type of UAS• Optimization of the placement of the VOC sensorFurther Studies Needed Research Team (left to right):Scott Burgess, Brandon Breault, Joe Cerreta, Josh Marcham, Patti Clark, Cheri Marcham Questions?Cheri Marcham, PhD, CIH, CSP, FAIHAEmbry-Riddle Aeronautical  Universitymarch617@erau.edu

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Application of Mounting Personal PID VOC Sensors to Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems to Aid First Responders

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