This chapter describes the creation of new estimates of ethnic populations and components of change in local authority districts (LADs) in England for years between the 2001 and 2011 Censuses. Information on ethnic populations by age and gender is provided in censuses. In between censuses, information on ethnic population change is scarce. To fill the gap we used data from the two censuses with reconciled total population and component estimates published by the Office of National Statistics. This chapter outlines the sequence of steps used to produce a ten-year time series. These reconciled population and component estimates provide a firmer foundation for ethnic-specific projections than hitherto available. The role of the census in this work is vital