Macor, Laura Anna

English

Florence Research

PHILOSOPHICAL READINGS ONLINE JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY   5 2013      Special Issue on: READING SCHILLER: ETHICS,  AESTHETICS,  AND  RELIGION  Guest Editor: Laura Anna Macor              ISSN 2036-4989      Philosophical Readings philosophicalreadings.org ARTICLES  Laura Anna Macor Introducing the New Schiller  3 Jeffrey L. High Rede über die Frage: Gehört allzuviel Güte, Leutseeligkeit und grosse  Freygebigkeit im engsten Verstande zur Tugend?  Socrates as Secular  Jesus in Schiller’s First Karlsschule Speech  7 Cordula Burtscher Schiller, Hume und die Religionspsychologie. Zu dem Gedicht  Resignation und dem Bücherbestand der Karlsschule zu Schillers  Schulzeit  50 Katerina Deligiorgi Schiller’s Philosophical Letters: Naturalising Spirit to Moralise  Nature  63 Lucía Bodas Fernández La cuestión de la división del trabajo en Algo sobre la primera  sociedad humana según el hilo conductor de los escritos de Moisé 79 Giovanna Pinna L’individualità universale. Soggettività e poesia in Schiller a  partire dalla Bürger- e dalla Matthisson-Rezension  103 Wolfgang Riedel Philosophie des Schönen als politische Anthropologie. Schillers Augustenburger Briefe und die Briefe über die  ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen  118 María del Rosario Acosta López “Only a Matter of Style”: A Controversial Issue between Schiller  and Fichte. Regarding Schiller’s On the Necessary Limitations in  the Use of Beautiful Forms  172 Ritchie Robertson On the Sublime and Schiller’s Theory of Tragedy  194 Norbert Oellers Poesie als Spiel. Der Klassiker Schiller (Wallenstein und Die Braut von Messina) 213  REVIEWS  223 Emiliano Acosta, Schiller versus Fichte. Schillers Begriff der Person in der Zeit und Fichtes Kategorie der Wechselbestimmung im Wi-derstreit (Amsterdam-New York: Rodopi, 2011) (E. Magrì); Jörg Robert, Vor der Klassik. Die Ästhetik Schillers zwischen Karlsschu-le und Kant-Rezeption (Berlin-Boston: de Gruyter, 2011) (J. Driscoll Colosimo); Yvonne Nilges, Schiller und das Recht (Göt-tingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2012) (L. A. Macor)  ABSTRACTS AND INDEXING  232  Philosophical  Readings Online Yearbook of Philosophy   Philosophical Readings, ISSN 2036-4989, features ar-ticles, discussions, translations, reviews, and bib-liographical information on all philosophical disci-plines. Philosophical Readings is devoted to the pro-motion of competent and definitive contributions to philosophical knowledge. Not associated with any school or group, not the organ of any association or institution, it is interested in persistent and reso-lute inquiries into root questions, regardless of the writer’s affiliation. The journal welcomes also works that fall into various disciplines: religion, history, literature, law, political science, computer science, economics, and empirical sciences that deal with philosophical problems. Philosophical Readings uses a policy of blind review by at least two consultants to evaluate articles accepted for serious consideration. Philosophical Readings promotes spe-cial issues on particular topics of special relevance in the philosophical debates. Philosophical Readings occasionally has opportunities for Guest Editors for special issues of the journal. Anyone who has an idea for a special issue and would like that idea to be considered, should contact the Excutive editor.  Executive editor: Marco Sgarbi, Università di Verona.  Associate editor: Eva Del Soldato, University of Pennsylvania.   Assistant  editor: Valerio Rocco Lozano, Uni-versidad Autónoma de Madrid.   Review editor: Laura Anna Macor, Università di Padova.  Editorial Advisory Board: Laura Boella, Uni-versità Statale di Milano; Elio Franzini, Università Statale di Milano; Alessandro Ghisalberti, Università Cattolica di Milano; Piergiorgio Grassi, Università di Urbino; Margarita Kranz, Freie Universität Berlin; Sandro Mancini, Università di Palermo; Massimo Ma-rassi, Università Cattolica di Milano; Roberto Mor-dacci, Università Vita e Salute San Raffaele di Mila-no; Ugo Perone, Università del Piemonte Orientale; Stefano Poggi, Università di Firenze; Riccardo Poz-zo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; José Manuel Sevilla Fernández, Universidad de Sevilla.   Editorial  Board:  Raphael Ebgi, Università San Raffaele di Milano; Luca Gili, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Eugenio Refini, Villa I Tatti. The Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies; Al-berto Vanzo, University of Warwick; Francesco Verde, Università “La Sapienza” di Roma; Antonio Vernacotola, Università di Padova.  Board of  Consultants: This board has as its pri-mary responsibility the evaluation of articles sub-mitted for publication in Philosophical Readings. Its membership includes a large group of scholars rep-resenting a variety of research areas and philoso-phical approaches. From time to time, Philosophical Readings acknowledges their service by publishing the names of those who have read and evaluated manuscripts in recent years.  Submissions: Submissions should be made to the Editors. An abstract of not more than seventy words should accompany the submission. Since Philosophical Readings has adopted a policy of blind review, information identify the author should only appear on a separate page. Most reviews are invited. However, colleagues wishing to write a review should contact the Executive editor. Books to be reviewed, should be sent to the Executive edi-tor.     Reading Schiller PHILOSOPHICAL READINGS   VOLUME 5 2013	  Introducing the New Schiller  Laura Anna Macor Dipartimento di Filosofia, Sociologia, Pedagogia e Psicologia Applicata Università degli Studi di Padova  (Italy)    decisive shift has occurred in Schiller-scholarship over the past decade: from being passed off as a dilettante and amateur in the field of phi-losophy, Schiller has now emerged as a key-player. Notwithstanding all the cus-tomary allegations of inconsistency, lack of method, and wholesale inaccuracy, Schiller appears to have carved himself a new niche in the philosophical firmament owing to a slow but accelerating process of general re-assessment. Following the valuable but by now dis-tant attempts by the Neo-Kantians,1 the first steps in this direction were made in the Eighties by scholars of German literature: Hans-Jürgen Schings (1982, 1996),2 Dieter 	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  1 Kuno Fischer, Schiller als Philosoph (Frank-furt/M.: Hermann Verlag, 1858), 17–31; Friedrich Ueberweg, Schiller als Historiker und Philosoph (Leipzig: Reißner, 1884).  2 Hans-Jürgen Schings, “Schillers ‘Räuber’. Ein Ex-periment des Universalhasses”, in: Friedrich Schiller. Kunst, Humanität und Politik in der späten Aufklä-rung, ed. by Wolfgang Wittkowski (Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1982), 1–25; Hans-Jürgen Schings, Die Brüder des Marquis Posa. Schiller und der Geheim-bund der Illuminaten (Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1996).  Borchmeyer (1987, 1989),3 and Wolfgang Riedel (1985, 1995)4 set research on a cru-cial new footing, the fruits of which are only now becoming apparent. Indeed, it is only in the last decade that a programmatic process of reinterpretation and requalifica-tion has been undertaken. Frederick Beiser (2005) has the merit of having diagnosed and partially delivered Schiller-scholarship from the malady that afflicted it, first by highlighting the complete absence of phi-losophical studies on Schiller’s writings and thought, then proposing a solution of his own.5 	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  3 Dieter Borchmeyer, “Die Tragödie vom verlore-nen Vater. Der Dramatiker Schiller und die Aufklä-rung – Das Beispiel der ‘Räuber’”, in: Friedrich Schiller. Angebot und Diskurs, ed. by Helmut Brandt (Berlin – Weimar: Aufbau Verlag, 1987), 160–184; Dieter Borchmeyer, “Kritik der Aufklärung im Gei-ste der Aufklärung: Friedrich Schiller”, in: Aufklä-rung und Gegenaufklärung in der europäischen Litera-tur, Philosophie und Geschichte von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, ed. by Jochen Schmidt (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1989), 361–376. 4 Wolfgang Riedel, Die Anthropologie des jungen Schiller. Zur Ideengeschichte der medizinischen Schrif-ten und der ‘Philosophischen Briefe’ (Würzburg: Kö-nigshausen & Neumann, 1985); Wolfgang Riedel, Jakob Friedrich Abel. Eine Quellenedition zum Philo-sophieunterricht an der Stuttgarter Karlsschule (1773–1782). Mit Einleitung, Übersetzung, Kommentar und Bibliographie (Würzburg: Königshausen & Neu-mann, 1995). 5 Fredrick Beiser, “A Lament” (2005), in: Friedrich Schiller. Playwright, Poet, Philosopher, Historian, ed. by Paul E. Kerry (Bern: Peter Lang, 2007), 233–250; Frederick Beiser, Schiller as Philosopher. A Re-Examination (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005). A ARTICLES PHILOSOPHICAL READINGS   VOLUME 5 2013 4	  Interdisciplinary collaboration and methodological cross-fertilization between Philosophy and German Studies increased sharply in subsequent years with the result that publications on Schiller have emerged from both sides. Whether as collections of essays or monographs, publication in this area has intensified, and, more impor-tantly, has expanded geographically: alongside the more traditional German and English, Italian, French, and Spanish have also become important languages, with significant contributions being pub-lished in each of them. In terms of the in-novative character of contributions over the past years, even the titles of some of the more insightful works may serve to convey a first impression: Schillers Rebelli-onskonzept und die Französische Revolution,6 L’âme suspecte. L’anthropologie littéraire dans les premiers œuvres de Schiller,7 La tragedia como conjuro. El problema de lo sublime en Friedrich Schiller,8 Friedrich Schiller. Der un-terschätzte Theoretiker,9 Il giro fangoso dell’umana destinazione. Friedrich Schiller 	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  6 Jeffrey L. High, Schillers Rebellionskonzept und die Französische Revolution (Lewiston – Queenston – Lampeter: Mellen, 2004). 7 Gilles Darras, L’âme suspecte. L’anthropologie litté-raire dans les premiers œuvres de Schiller (Paris: Edi-tions Connaissances et Savoirs, 2005). 8 María del Rosario Acosta López, La tragedia como conjuro. El problema de lo sublime en Friedrich Schiller (Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colom-bia/Universidad de los Andes, 2008). 9 Friedrich Schiller. Der unterschätzte Theoretiker, ed. by Georg Bollenbeck and Lothar Ehrlich (Köln: Böhlau, 2007). dall’illuminismo al criticismo (Der morastige Zirkel der menschlichen Bestimmung. Friedrich Schillers Weg von der Aufklärung zu Kant),10 El pensamiento filosófico de Friedrich Schiller,11 La actualidad de Friedrich Schiller. Para una critica cultural al inicio del siglo XXI,12 Schiller im philosophischen Kontext,13 Vor der Klassik. Die Ästhetik Schillers zwischen Karlsschule und Kant-Rezeption,14 Schillers Revolution,15 Schil-ler und das Recht.16 They are for the most part very in-triguing titles which display an intention to convey a specific hermeneutic message. To begin with, no more the Schiller who is 	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  10 Laura Anna Macor, Il giro fangoso dell’umana de-stinazione. Friedrich Schiller dall’illuminismo al criti-cismo (Pisa: ETS, 2008); Laura Anna Macor, Der morastige Zirkel der menschlichen Bestimmung. Fried-rich Schillers Weg von der Aufklärung zu Kant, von der Verfasserin aus dem Italienischen übersetzt, auf den neuesten Stand gebracht und erweitert (Würz-burg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2010). 11 El pensamiento filosófico de Friedrich Schiller, ed. by Brigitte Jirku and Julio Rodríguez (Valencia: Universidad de Valencia, 2009). 12 La actualidad de Friedrich Schiller. Para una critica cultural al inicio del siglo XXI, ed. by Horst Nit-schack and Reinhard Babel (Santiago, Chile: LOM, 2010). 13 Schiller im philosophischen Kontext, ed. by Cordula Burtscher and Markus Hien (Würzburg: Königs-hausen & Neumann, 2011). 14 Jörg Robert, Vor der Klassik. Die Ästhetik Schillers zwischen Karlsschule und Kant-Rezeption (Berlin – Boston: de Gruyter, 2011). 15 Hans-Jürgen Schings, Revolutionsetüden. Schiller – Goethe – Kleist (Würzburg: Königshausen & Neu-mann, 2012), 13–144. 16 Yvonne Nilges, Schiller und das Recht (Göttingen: Wallstein, 2012). ARTICLES  VOLUME 5 2013  PHILOSOPHICAL READINGS 5	  merely a reader of Kant and passive – as well as allegedly incompetent – popularizer of his theories, but a fully conscious Schiller who, in theoretical terms, is both lucid and fully present. Furthermore, no longer exclusively the mature Schiller, in-debted to Kant for the initial push to start doing philosophy, but also and above all the young Schiller studying philosophy at the Karlsschule, who, even after finishing his studies in 1780, continued to read, study and revisit themes and authors that belong officially to the philosophical canon. Therefore also no longer only the Schiller who was interested in aesthetics, but also the Schiller who was deeply engaged in moral, political, and juridical questions. No longer the Schiller who derived from the historical and cultural context of his time the drive to adopt certain arguments and positions, but a Schiller who developed well-rounded political ideas prior to the outbreak of the French Revolution, and above all before the despotic developments which accompanied the massacres of Sep-tember 1792, which were eventually marked by the execution of the King Louis XVI and the annihilation of the Girondists. No longer a Schiller claiming to share Kant’s rigorism without actually espousing it; no longer a Schiller totally lacking in in-ner consistency, but a writer with devia-tions, unfinished narratives, perhaps even contradictions, just like every other great Western mind.17 	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  17 For a concrete example, I refer here to my: “Kant 	  Given the enormous scale of the reas-sessment, which is still ongoing, it is en-tirely legitimate to speak in terms of a full-scale “paradigm-shift within Schiller-scholarship”.18 This book aims to be a part of this new trend in Schiller studies, and draws upon the combined efforts of scholars of Ger-man literature and historians of philosophy while taking into account the recent terri-torial expansion. The multi-lingual nature of this collection aims to capture this new geographical and cultural scope of re-search, as does the manner in which the es-says are set out and their thematic range. Reading Schiller takes its lead from texts by Schiller, from their “letter”, with a view to showing how genuine, unprejudiced at-tention to Schiller’s arguments can serve to break down many of the interpretational myths of the 20th century, at the same time restoring Schiller to the full theoretical stature he deserves. For this reason, all the texts may be seen as an inquiry in the form of a “spiral”, starting with one or more texts and moving towards a wider context, only to return to the start with new histo-riographic tools. Major works are analyzed, such as Ueber die ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen, Über das Erhabene, Wallenstein, 	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  and Schiller on Pure Ethics: Why Philosophers Should Concern Themselves with German Litera-ture (and vice versa)”, Estudos Kantianos, I (2013), 125–138. 18 Valerio Rocco Lozano, “Los cambios de paradig-ma de la ‘Schiller-Forschung’”, Daimon. Revista In-ternacional de Filosofía, 46 (2009), 205–213. ARTICLES PHILOSOPHICAL READINGS   VOLUME 5 2013 6	  and Die Braut von Messina, as well as early works and works usually considered mar-ginal, such as the first Rede held in the Karlsschule, the poetic work Resignation, the fragmentary novel Philosophische Briefe, and the essays from Etwas über die erste Menschengesellschaft nach dem Leitfaden der mosaischen Urkunde and Über die notwendi-gen Grenzen beim Gebrauch Schöner Formen to Bürger-Rezension and Matthisson-Rezen-sion. The thematic scope is broad and aims to cover the extremely wide range of inter-ests and areas of expertise of the author, from metaphysics and religion to politics, aesthetics and ethics. The reviews included at the end of the book seek to give due ac-knowledgement to the most important works published recently and their highly innovative character. Here, too, the inter-national and multi-lingual nature of the re-search has been closely attended to, ensur-ing that the nationalities of reviewer and reviewed, as well as the language of the book being reviewed and its review, are different.  Overall, the selection of authors (of the essays, reviews, and reviewed books) re-flects as faithfully as possible the current, state-of-the-art research on this topic, and includes high-profile, internationally re-nowned scholars as well as promising young researchers who are just starting their academic careers. In other words, an encouraging picture, which raises hopes that the current climate of research shall endure.    

Introducing the new Schiller

This short article aims to promote an overall rehabilitation of Schiller as a philosopher. Instead of considering him as a guest, however brilliant, in the realm of philosophy, this article claims that it is about time to acknowledge the competence, method and originality of Schiller the philosopher, which does not mean to diminish his value as a poet, playwright and historian

Macor L

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