A collection of Paspalum accessions obtained from Brazil was tested for their adaptation to poorly drained soils. Three accessions were selected based on their DM production and nutritive value. Productivity and quality of these three accessions was stable over the periods of maximum and minimum rainfall, giving potential for continuous forage supply throughout the year in the tropical Americas. Grazing trials for the selected accessions are underway

Avila, P.

Hincapié, B.

Lascano, C. E.

Peters, Michael

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings XIX International Grassland Congress Evaluation of Paspalum spp. with Adaptation to Poorly Drained Soils in the Tropical Americas Michael Peters Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Colombia B. Hincapié Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Colombia P. Avila Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Colombia C. E. Lascano Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Colombia Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/19/13/6 This collection is currently under construction. The XIX International Grassland Congress took place in São Pedro, São Paulo, Brazil from February 11 through February 21, 2001. Proceedings published by Fundacao de Estudos Agrarios Luiz de Queiroz This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. ID # 13-08EVALUATION OF PASPALUM SPP. WITH ADAPTATION TO POORLY DRAINEDSOILS IN THE TROPICAL AMERICASM. Peters, B. Hincapié, P. Avila and C.E. Lascano Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombiam.peters-ciat@cgiar.orgAbstractA collection of Paspalum accessions obtained from Brazil was tested for their adaptationto poorly drained soils. Three accessions were selected based on their DM production andnutritive value. Productivity and quality of these three accessions was stable over the periods ofmaximum and minimum rainfall, giving potential for continuos forage supply throughout theyear in the tropical Americas. Grazing trials for the selected accessions are underway.Keywords: Paspalum arundinellum; Paspalum atratum; Paspalum guenoarum; Paspalumplicatulum; Paspalum SP.; waterloggingIntroductionLarge areas of poorly drained soils occur in the savannas of tropical America. Widelydistributed forages such as Brachiaria decumbens and Brachiaria brizantha are poorly adaptedto these environments (Hare et al., 1999a). In contrast, some species of Paspalum are known fortheir adaptation to poorly drained conditions and their tolerance of the major pest of pasturegrasses in Tropical America, spittlebug  (Grof et al., 1989, Hare et al., 1999a,b; Kalmbacher etal., 1997a). A collection of material introduced from Brazil therefore has been tested underseasonally inundated conditions in Colombia.Material and MethodsA collection of 8 accessions of Paspalum species had been obtained from EMBRAPAGenetic Resources in Brazil; Paspalum sp. CIAT 26982 (BRA-009415), 26983 (BRA-009687),26984 (BRA-010537), 26988 (BRA-012874), Paspalum guenoarum CIAT 26985 (BRA-003824), Paspalum atratum CIAT 26986 (BRA- 009610), Paspalum arundinellum CIAT 26987(BRA-012602) and Paspalum plicatulum CIAT 26989. The material was planted vegetatively inrows at a distance of 50 cm in November 1996 at CIATs experimental station in Santander deQuilichao (Latitude 3 6’ N, Longitude 76 3’ W). The site is located at an elevation of 990 asl andhas an average annual temperature of 24°C and annual rainfall of 1800 mm. During the time ofthe experiment, annual rainfall was 1798, 2030 and 2204 mm in 1997, 1998 and 1999respectively. The soil at the experimental site is a poorly drained Ultisol, with a pH of 4.2 and anorganic matter content of 6.9% in the topsoil (0-20cm).A Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was employed.Fertilization was 40 kg/ha P at establishment, with an annual maintenance dressing of 22 kg/haP, 40 kg/ha K, 20 kg/ha Mg and 20 kg/ha S.A standardization cut was done approximately one year after planting in December 97.Subsequently evaluation for Dry Matter (DM) production was done every 6 weeks. For thispaper we summarized yields over minimum and maximum rainfall periods. Samples for qualityanalysis were taken once in the period of minimum and once in the period of maximum rains.Samples were dried at 70°C for 72 hours and dry weight recorded. Subsequently samples weremilled though a 1mm sieve and analyzed for In-vitro dry matter digestibility (Moore 1970) andtotal N (Chapman and Pratt 1961) to calculate crude protein contents (%N * 6.25).Data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance followed by mean separation using theDuncan procedure. The confidence level for mean separation was set at 5%.Results and DiscussionProblems were encountered in the generative reproduction of the accessions; thereforematerial was propagated by cuttings. We confirm in this study the ease of vegetative propagationof Paspalum spp. - at least for the accessions under evaluation - as reported by Hare (1999b).Of the 8 accessions planted, CIAT 26988 did not establish and was therefore excludedfrom further analysis. Dry matter (DM) yields of 6 week regrowths – averaged over the twoyears of the experiment - ranged from 670 to 2800 kg/ha and 714 to 2900 kg/ha for the periodsof minimum and maximum rainfall, respectively. In both seasons the order of accessions was thesame, CIAT 26986 followed by 26989, 26987 and 26985 (Figure 1). The first two accessions inboth periods yielding significantly (P<0.05) more DM than CIAT 26985, 26983, 26982 and26984. Yields of P. atratum CIAT 26986 (=BRA 009610, = cv. Ubon in Thailand) arecomparable to yields reported by Grof et al. (1989) for the Brazilian Cerrados but substantiallylower then the ones reported by Hare et al. (1999a) and higher then the ones reported by Pizarro(1992). P. atratum CIAT 26986 maintained high levels of production in both seasons of the year,which is in agreement with results from the Cerrados of Brazil, Florida and Thailand.  In contrastto results from Hare et al. (1999b) and Kalmbacher et al. (1997a), in our study all accessionsmaintained similar levels of productivity throughout the year, thus offering the possibility for arelatively stable forage supply. The resistance to frequent cutting, in our case every 6 weeksthroughout the year of P. atratum CIAT 26986 confirms results of Hare et al. (1999b).Data on the nutritive quality of the Paspalum accessions evaluated is still scarce. Ourresults confirm the large variations in quality of Paspalum accessions found by Pizarro (1992),the best accessions showing levels comparable to other tropical grasses (Table 1). Hare et al.(1999b) describe the reluctance of farmers in the utilization of Paspalum plicatulum because ofits perceived low quality and palatability. At least in terms of protein and digestibility in ourstudy P. plicatulum compares favorably with the other Paspalum species. However, we do nothave sufficient data available to indicate interspecific variation in quality parameters.Results on Paspalum spp. under grazing are even more scarce with the most ampleinformation available for Paspalum atratum CIAT 26986. Results obtained with cattle inThailand, Florida and Brazil, indicated liveweight gains of 500-700 g/day and good persistencein the sward (Barcellos et al., 1997; Hare et al., 1999b; Kalmbacher et al., 1997b). In the case ofPaspalum atratum CIAT 26986 planted in association with Arachis pintoi, liveweight gains werecomparable to Brachiaria spp. - Arachis pintoi mixtures (Barcellos et al., 1997). In contrast toHare’s evaluation in Thailand there is therefore some potential of grass-legume mixtures basedon Paspalum spp. and A. pintoi. However we do not yet know about differences amongaccessions of A. pintoi in respect to tolerance to waterlogging.In this study we have confirmed the high potential of Paspalum spp for seasonallywaterlogged soils in the Latin American tropics. On the basis of dry matter production andquality parameters, we selected Paspalum atratum CIAT 26986, Paspalum plicatulum CIAT26989 and Paspalum guenoarum CIAT 26985 for further testing under grazing and moredetailed studies on their quality and acceptability by grazing animals. Further regional testing,with and without legumes with farmer participation is suggested.ReferencesBarcellos, A.O., Pizarro E.A. and Costa N.L. (1997). Agronomic evaluation of novelgermplasm under grazing; Arachis pintoi BRA-031143 and Paspalum atratum BRA-009610.Proceedings of the XVIII International Grassland Congress, Winnipeg and Saskatoon, Canada,Session  22: 47-48.Chapman, H.D and Pratt P.F. (1961). Methods of analysis for soils plants and water.University of California. Division of Agricultural Sciences, pp. 56-65.Grof, B., de Andrade R.P., de Souza M.A. and Valls J.M.F. (1989). Selection of Paspalumspp. adapted to seasonally flooded Várzea lands in Central Brazil. Proceedings if the XVIInternational Grassland Congress, Nice, France, pp. 291-292.Hare, M.D., Thummasaeng K., Suriyajantratong W., Wongpichet K., Saengkham M.,Tatsapong, P., Kaewkunya C. and Booncharern P. (1999a). Pasture grass and legumeevaluation on seasonally waterlogged and seasonally dry soils in north-east Thailand. TropicalGrasslands 33: 65-74.Hare, M.D., Booncharern P., Tatsapong P., Wongpichet K., Kaewkunya C. andThummasaeng K. (1999b). Performance of para grass (Brachiaria mutica) and Ubon paspalum(Paspalum atratum) on seasonally wet soils in Thailand. Tropical Grasslands 33: 75-81.Kalmbacher, R.S, Mullahey J.J., Martin F.G. and Kretschmer A.E. Jr. (1997a). Effect ofclipping on yield and nutritive value of   'Suerte' Paspalum atratum. Agronomy Journal 89: 476-81.Kalmbacher, R.S, Martin F.G. and Kretschmer A.E. Jr. (1997b). Performance of cattlegrazing pastures based on Paspalum atratum cv. Suerte, Tropical Grasslands 31: 58-66.Moore, J.E. (1970). Procedure of the two stages in vitro digestion of forages. University ofFlorida,   Dept. of Animal Science.Pizarro, E.A. (1992). Red Internacional de Evaluación de Pastos Tropicales. 1a reunión sabanas,23 –26 noviembre 1992, Brasilia, Brasil. EMBRAPA/ CPAC/ CIAT Documento de trabajo 117:26-29.Cultivar 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Av.---------------------------------- Mg (tonne)/ha ----------------------------------Alamo*Kanlo*Cave-in-Rock**Shelter**NC-1*NC-2*9.69.78.67.67.77.820.619.312.012.119.618.716.416.411.39.114.516.211.311.010.08.011.211.711.614.612.111.813.416.116.315.212.912.013.414.914.314.411.210.113.314.2LSD 0.05 1.4 2.4 1.6 2.2 2.1 3.4* = lowland** = uplandTable 1 - Biomass yields of switchgrass at Princeton, KY.  One-cut management with only oneharvest at the end of the season in NovemberCultivar 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Av.---------------------------------- Mg (tonne)/ha ----------------------------------Alamo*Kanlo*Cave-in-Rock**Shelter**NC-1*NC-2*16.015.915.711.09.211.719.617.114.312.915.216.214.514.012.710.012.312.713.412.510.98.213.011.716.015.814.812.915.315.313.611.511.49.113.613.815.514.513.310.713.113.6LSD 0.05 1.4 2.4 1.6 2.2 2.1 3.4* = lowland** = uplandTable 2 - Biomass yields of switchgrass at Princeton, KY.  Two-cut management with oneharvest in June and one in NovemberFigure 1 - Dry matter yields of seven accessions of Paspalum spp. planted on a poorly drainedsoil at Santander de Quilichao, Cauca, Colombia, as affected by rainfall precipitation.050010001500200025003000350026982 26983 26984 26985 26986 26987 26989CIAT NumberDry matterr (kg/ha)Minimum Precipitation Maximum Precipitation

Evaluation of \u3ci\u3ePaspalum\u3c/i\u3e spp. with Adaptation to Poorly Drained Soils in the Tropical Americas

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Evaluation of \u3ci\u3ePaspalum\u3c/i\u3e spp. with Adaptation to Poorly Drained Soils in the Tropical Americas

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