A standard set of power system data with benchmark results are presented against which direct stability techniques to assess transient stability can be compared and tested. The test systems have been selected to display a wide range of dynamic characteristics to provide a robust test of the efficacy and accuracy of the various analytical techniques to analyze transient stability. Transient stability test system data and benchmark results obtained from two commercially available time-domain stability analysis packages are presente

Chu, R

Farmer, R G

Fish, J

Giri, J C.

Martin, D

Tang, C K.

Villaseca, F. Eugenio

Vittal, V.

English

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2-1992
Transient Stability Test Systems for Direct Stability
Methods
V. Vittal
D Martin
R Chu
J Fish
J C. Giri
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Repository Citation
Vittal, V.; Martin, D; Chu, R; Fish, J; Giri, J C.; Tang, C K.; Villaseca, F. Eugenio; and Farmer, R G., "Transient Stability Test Systems for Direct Stability
Methods" (1992). Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Faculty Publications. 82.
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Original Citation
Transient stability test systems for direct stability methods. (February 01, 1992). IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 7, 1, 37-43.
Authors
V. Vittal, D Martin, R Chu, J Fish, J C. Giri, C K. Tang, F. Eugenio Villaseca, and R G. Farmer
This article is available at EngagedScholarship@CSU: https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/enece_facpub/82
TRANSIENT STABILITY TEST SYSTEMS 
FOR DIRECf STABILITY METIIODS 
IEEE COMMITTEE REPORT 
PREPARED BY mE IEEE STABILITY TEST SYSTEMS 
TASK FORCE OF TIIE DYNAMIC SYSTEM PERFORMANCE SUBCOMMITTEE 
Chairman: V. Vittal 
ABSTRACT 
The aim of this paper is to present a standard set of power 
system data with benchmark results against which direct 
stability techniques to assess transient stability could be 
compared and tested. 
The test systems have been selected to display a wide range 
of dynamic characteristics to provide a robust test of the 
efficacy and accuracy of the various analytical techniques to 
analyze transient stability. Transient stability test system 
data and benchmark results obtained from two commercially 
available time domain stability analysis packages are 
presented in this paper. 
I. INTRODUCTION 
Modern day power systems exhibit a Wide range of 
complex dynamic behaVior. AnalYSiS of such phenomena 
requires the development of new analytical tools and a 
variety of applications of conventional time domain 
Simulations. In order to determine the efficacy of the different 
techniques, they need to be compared using a common system 
with available benchmark results. 
In recent years, several analytical approaches dealing with 
direct methods for transient stability assessment have been 
proposed. In some cases, the approaches have been applied to 
small sample test systems which are not very realistic. 
Furthermore, in order to provide a relative comparison of the 
various proposed techniques, there is a need for testing these 
methods on a realistic system with benchmark results 
obtained from conventional time domain analysis. This paper 
addresses such a need. It provides system data for two 
realistiC test systems and provides benchmark transient 
stability results using two different commercially available 
time simulation packages. The packages used are the EPRI­
Extended Transient/Mld-Term Stability Program (ETMSP) 
and PTI-Power System SimulationiE Program (PSS/E). 
The two systems have been carefully chosen to display a 
Wide range of dynamic characteristics: i) operating conditions 
are specified for which these systems display a plant mode of 
instability where the plant close to the disturbance loses 
synchronism with the rest of the system; it) a complex mode 
of instability where a number of plants are electrically close 
to each other along a river, and a disturbance close to these 
plants results in all of them being severely disturbed; iii) an 
Inter-area mode of instabillty where an entire area separates 
from another area follOWing a disturbance. This Wide range 
of dynamic response Is specifically intended to provide a 
robust test of the efficacy and accuracy of the various 
analytical techniques. The benchmark testing has been 
conducted using three phase faults. Two different kinds of 
stability limits are provided: i) plant generation limits. and 
ii) critical clearing time. These limits are obtained using iJ the 
classical power system model, and ii) the two aXis machine 
model with exciters. In all the benchmark tests, the loads are 
represented as constant impedances. 
II. TEST SYSTEMS 
Two test systems are used to provide the benchmark 
results: a 17-generator, 162-bus equivalent of the network of 
the State of Iowa, and a 50-generator, l45-bus system. 
l7-Generator System 
Figure 1 shows the major 345 kV lines in the 17-generator 
system. The system has several generating plants along the 
banks of the Missouri River. These are shown in the left hand 
side of Figure 1. The electrical proximity of these plants 
results in a very complex and interesting dynamic behavior of 
the system. For a three phase fault close to these plants, a 
large number of plants are severely disturbed resulting in a 
complex mode of disturbance. 
Fig. 1. 17-generator test system: major high voltage lines 
Only the classical model data is provided for this system. 
The machine data is given in Table I on a 100 MV A base. The 
network data is provided in IEEE COMMON FORMAT for 
power flow exchange [1]. See Section IV for information to 
obtain the network data on a magnetic diskette. 
Table 1. I1-Generator System Machine Data 
Generator Parameters"Power Flow 
Bus Number 
R(s) X'd (pu) 
0.004100.003 
0.043734.566 
0.010080.0015 
0.050027 80.00 
0.050716.7973 
0.020632.4976 
0.11316.6599 
0.31152.66101 
0.053529.60108 
5.00 0.1770114 
0.104911.31118 
0.029719.79121 
200.00 0.0020124 
0.0020200.00125 
100.00 0.0040126 
0.055928.60130 
0.054420.66131 
• On 100 MV A Base. 

Table 2. 50..<Jenerator System Machine Data 

50-Generator System 
The 50-generator system demonstrates a wide range of 
dynamic characteristics at different loading levels. For the 
base case loading level proVided in the network data, a three 
phase fault results in a simple plant mode of Instability, 
where the plant close to the disturbance loses synchronism 
with the rest of the system. Shifting the generation at two 
generators and subjecting the system to the identical 
disturbance as in the plant mode case, results in an Inter-area 
mode of separation where a large area separates from the rest 
of the system. 
Benchmark cases are provided for: j) the classical model 
representation, and iI) for six machines represented by the 
two-axis model and equipped with Type AC-4 [2J exciters. 
Table 2 provides the machine data for the 50-generator 
system on a 100 MVA base. The six generators with the 
two-axis representation are placed at the top of the table. 
Table 3 provides the Type AC-4 exciter data for these six 
generators. 
Power Generator Parameters" 
Flow 
Bus 
Number H (5) X'II (pu) X'q (pu) Xd (pu) Xq (pu) XI (pu) S (1.0) S (1.2) T'dD (s) T'qa (s) 
93 115.0366 0.024 0.03655 0.09842 0.09673 0.01237 0.0654 0.5143 8.50 1.24 
104 73.8528 0.0122 0.0144 0.1016 0.0982 0.0081 0.2100 0.5500 10.00 1.50 
105 84.3915 0.0208 0.03149 0.1144 0.1092 0.01102 0.1300 0.4096 6.61 1.50 
106 56.261 0.03118 0.0472 0.17165 0.16371 0.01653 0.1300 0.4096 6.61 1.50 
110 115.05 0.024 0.03655 0.09842 0.09673 0.01231 0.0654 0.5743 8.50 1.24 
111 73.8528 0.0122 0.0144 0.1016 0.0982 0.0081 0.2100 0.5500 10.00 1.50 
60 1.41 0.4769 
67 52.1796 0.0213 
19 6.65 0.1292 
80 1.2857 0.6648 
82 2.115 0.5291 
89 20.5602 0.0585 
90 0.7628 1.600 
91 1.6848 0.3718 
94 17.3424 0.0839 
95 5.4662 0.1619 
96 2.1216 0.4824 
97 5.4912 0.2125 
98 13.96 0.0795 
99 17.108 0.1146 
100 7.56 0.1386 
101 12.2844 0.0924 
102 78.4366 0.0135 
103 8.16 0.1063 
108 30.432 0.0248 
109 2.6622 0.2029 
112 12.2844 0.0924 
115 97.33 0.0024 
116 105.50 0.0022 
117 102.16 0.0011 
118 162.74 0.0014 
119 348.22 0.0002 
121 116.54 0.0017 
122 39.24 0.0089 
124 116.86 0.0017 
128 503.87 0.0001 
130 230.90 0.0010 
131 1101.72 0.0001 
132 120.35 0.0016 
134 802.12 0.0003 
135 232.63 0.0008 
136 2018.11 0.0001 
137 469.32 0.0004 
139 2210.20 0.0001 
140 899.19 0.0003 
141 1474.22 0.0001 
142 950.80 0.0003 
143 204.30 0.0023 
144 443.22 0.0004 
145 518.08 0.0018 
• On 100 MV A Base 
200 
Table 3. 5~enerator System Exciter Data 
Power Flow I 	 i 
I i I KA TA EFI:>w,u ! EFD..,,, 
Bus Number 
TC I TB 
i: 
I I 185.093 0.020 1 1 8.89 I -2.00 
253.0 I104 0.015 1 8.86 -7.00 
105 54.63 0.468 7.381 1 0.0 
106 1 1 7.3854.63 I 0.468 0.0 
110 1 -2.0 
111 
1 8.89185.0 I 0.020 
253.0 0.015 1 1 I 8.86 -7.0 
III. BENCHMARK TESTS 
17-Generator System 
Fault Specification 
Three phase fault at Bus #75 cleared by opening line 
between Bus #75 - Buse #9. 
This benchmark test on the 17-generator system consists of 
determining the critical clearing time. The specified fault 
results In a complex mode of disturbance. Seven generators 
close to the fault are severely disturbed. In the critical case, 
however, only one generator loses synchronism with respect 
to the rest of the system as shown in Figure 2 obtained from 
the ETMSP package. The benchmark results using the ETMSP 
and PSS/E packages are given In Table 4. 
Table 4. 17-Generator System: Critical Clearing Time 
Clearing 
Time 
In Seconds 
0.352 
Stability 
Classification 
Bv ETMSP 
Stable 
Stability 1 
Classification I 
By PSS/E 
Stable 
! 
0.354 Unstable Stable 
I 0.356 Unstable Unstable 
Bus#121-­

Bus#114 
 ,-Bus #130 	
-. -.,/Bus #73 
Bus #76 ---"-" 
/ 
/ 
/ 
/ 
/ 
50-Generator System 
Fault Specification 
Three phase fault at Bus #7 cleared by opening line 
between Bus #7 - Bus #6. 
Classical Machine Mode! 
In this set of tests all the 50-generators are represented by 
the classical machine model. Two types of stability limits are 
determined: j) plant generation limits, and iI) critical clearing 
time. Two different dynamic characteristics are also studied: 
!) plant mode of instability, where the plant closest to the 
disturbance loses synchronism with the rest of the system, 
and iJ) Inter-area mode of instability, where an entire area 
separates from the rest of the system. 
Plant Mode Cases 
Power Flow Features: The base case power flow provided in 
the diskette represents the operating condition for the plant 
mode analysis. It is characterized by the generation at Bus 
#93 and Bus #110, being set at 700 MW each. 
Plant Generation Limit: In this analysis, the specified fault 
is always cleared at O.ID8 s. The stability limit is determined 
by changing the generation equally at Bus #104 and Bus 
# Ill, which are two generators at a plant. The stability limit 
is calculated in terms of the sum of generation at the above 
generators. In obtaining new power flow solutions different 
from the base case provided on the diskette, the generation at 
Bus # I 04 and Bus # 111 Is 'changed' in equal steps and the 
slack Bus #145 absorbs all the change. 
The plant generation limits obtained using the two 
packages are given in Table 5. 
Table 5. 5~enemtor System: Plant Generation Limit 
Classical Generator Model 
Fixed Fault Clearing time = 0.108 s 
Plant Mode 
Stability StabilityISum of Generation 
Classification ClassificationI At Bus # 104 and 
By PSSIEByETMSPBus #111 
i 
Stable4000MW Stable 
UnstableUnstable4010 MW 
I 
The rotor angle plots for the generators at Bus #104 and Bus 
# 111 with respect to the generator at Bus # 145 using the 
ETMSP package for the stable and unstable cases are given in 
Figure 3. 
Critical Clearing Time: In this analysis, the base case power 
flow provided in the diskette is used and the clearing time 
varied to obtain the critical clearing time. Table 6 shows the 
results of this analysis obtained using the ETMSP and PSS/E 
packages. 
Time. seconds 
Fig. 2. 17-generator test system: 
fault cleared at 0.354 seconds 
i 
'" Q,I 
\IJ 
cr, 
Q,I 
"0 
oj
e;, 
c: 
<! 
<;.., 
:.:: 
<l! 
c: 
Q,I 
l.? 
08 
.-,' 
1.2 1.6 
Time. seconds 
a) Stable case 
Fig. 3. 50-generator test system: 
classical mode, plant mode 
Table 6. 5O-Generator System: Critical Clearing Time 
Classical Generator Model 
Total Generation at Bus #104 and Bus #110 ­ 4000 MW 
Plant Mode 
Table 7. 5O-Generator System: Plant Generation Limit 
Classical Generator Model 
Fixed Fault Clearing Time - 0.108 s 
Inter-Area Mode 
Sum of Generation 
At Bus #104 and 
Bus #111 
3540MW 
3550MW 
Stability I Stability I 
Classification II Classiftcation : 
By ETMSP By PSS/E I 
Stable Stable 
Unstable Unstable 
Clearing Stability Stability 
Time in Classiftcation Classiftcation 
Seconds By ETMSP Bv PSS/E 
0.1080 Stable Stable 
I 
I 0.1085 Unstable Unstable 
0.8 	 1 2 1.6 20 24 2 8 
Time. seconds 
b) Unstable case 
INTER-AREA MODE CASE 
Power Flow Features: The base case power flow provided in 
the diskette has to be altered to obtain the initial conditions 
for the inter-area mode phenomenon. The power flow is 
solved by setting the generation at Bus #93 and Bus #110 to 
1580 MW each and allowing the slack Bus #145 to account 
for the change. 
Plant Generation Limit: In this analysis the specified fault 
is always cleared at 0.108 s. The stability limit is obtained by 
changing the generation In equal increments at Bus #104 and 
Bus # 111, which are two generators at the same plant. The 
stabillty limit is calculated in terms of the sum of the 
generation at the above generators. 
The plant generation limits obtained using the two 
stability packages are given in Table 7. In the critically 
unstable case, 29 generators separate from the rest of the 
system. The rotor angle plots from the ETMSP package of a 
few generators with respect to the generator at Bus #145 is 
given in Figure 4. 
2Wr-------------------------	 ~ 
....,.. 
"0 
Ol-
e;, 
c: 
<! 
2 
<II
Gi 
c:., 
l.? 
________________ 
Bus #93 
no 
Bus #110" 
.Bus#104---­
8us#111---­
8us#105------· 
0, 180
.. 
140 
100 
0.8 16 2.0 2.4 28 3.2 36 
Time. seconds 
Fig. 4. 50-generator test system: 
classical model, inter-area mode 
Detailed Machine Model 
In this set of tests, six generators in the 50-generator 
system are represented by the two-axis model [3. pg 1381 and 
equipped with Type AC-4 [2) exciters. The detailed machine 
data is given In Table 2 and the exciter data is given in Table 
3. The same fault considered for the classical machine model 
cases is analyzed. Only the plant mode case is studied, and 
both plant generation limit and critical clearing time are 
obtained. 
Plant Generation Limit: The same fault considered in the 
classical machine model case is analyzed. The stability limit 
is calculated In terms of the sum of the generation of the 
generators located at Bus #104 and Bus #lll. The change 
cases of the power flow are obtained as described earlier. The 
results of the test are shown in Table 8. 
The difference in results between the two packages is 
attributed to the differences in the representation of the 
machine model and the exciter model in the two packages. 
Critical Clearing Time: The two critically stable cases from 
the ETMSP and PSS/E packages are analyzed to obtain the 
critical clearing time. These results are presented in Table 9. 
Table 8. 50-Generator System: Plant Generation Limit 
Detailed Generator Model 
Fixed Fault Clearing Time - 0.108 s 
Plant Mode 
Sum of Generation at Stability Classiflcation Stability Classiflcation 
Bus #104 and Bus #111 ByETMSP By PSS/E 
4250MW Stable Stable 
4260MW Stable Unstable I 
4270MW Stable Unstable 
! I, 
4280 MW Unstable Unstable 
I iI I 
Table 9. 50-Generator System: Critical Clearing Time 
Detained Generator Model 
Plant Mode 
ETMSP Results I PSS/E Result5 I 
Output of Bus #104 and Bus #111 Output of Bus #104 and Bus #111 i 
-4270MW , -4250MW • 
I 
Clearing I Stability i Clearing Stability 
Time (s) I Classification I Time(s) Classification 
0.1090 
i 
Stable 0.11 Stable 
, 0.1095 Unstable 0.12 Unstable! : 
IV. NETWORK DATA 
The network power flow data can be obtained by sending a 
pre-paid request to the following address: 
Iowa State University Computation Center 
Reference and Supplies Office 
195 Durham Center 
Iowa State University 
Ames,IA 50011 
The data can be requested on either a 3-112" or 5-114" double 
density MSDOS formatted diskette. 
The diskette is currently priced as follows. any change in 
pricing will be indicated to the user when the order is placed. 
Diskette -+ US$ 12.00 
Tax -+ US$ 0.60 
U.S. Shipping -+ US$ 2.00 
Overseas ShIpping -+ US$ 7.00 
All international orders must be paid for using an 
international money order in U.S. dollars. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 
The task force would like to acknowledge the efforts of 
Mr. Allen A. Y. T. Chang. Ontario Hydro. in obtaining the 
benchmark tests USing the PSS/E package. 
The support of Iowa State University and the efforts of Dr. 
George Strawn. Director. Iowa State University Computation 
Center. in providing a mechanism to distribute the data are 
greatly appreciated. 
Members of the Task Force are: 
Vljay Vittal (Iowa State Univ.). Chairman 
Don Martin (ABB Power Systems) 
Ron Chu (Philadelphia Electric Co.) 
Jack Fish (Consultant) 
J. C. Giri (ESCA Corp.) 

James Luinl (Pacific Gas & Electric Co.) 

C. K. Tang (Ontario Hydro) 
F. Eugenio Villaseca (Cleveland State Univ.) 
R. G. Farmer (Arizona Public SerVice Co.) 
REFERENCES 
[1] 	 IEEE Committee Report, "Common Format For 
Exchange Of Solved Load Flow Data." IEEE 
Transactions on PAS. pp. 1916-1925. Nov/Dec 1913. 
[2] 	 IEEE Committee Report, "EXCitation Models for Power 
System Stabllity StUdies." IEEE Transactions on PAS. 
pp. 494-509. Feb. 1981. 
[3J 	 Anderson. P. M.. and Fouad. A. A.. Power System 
Control and Stability. Iowa State University Press. 1917. 


Transient Stability Test Systems for Direct Stability Methods

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Transient Stability Test Systems for Direct Stability Methods

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