Du, Guijuan

Zheng, Jiaming

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress Grassland Resources in Liaoning Province of China: Problems and Management Strategies Guijuan Du Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, China Jiaming Zheng Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, China Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/24-1/6 The XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅱ 　 瞯 ]1143　 瞯Grasslands/Rangelands People and Policies——— China Grassland/Rangeland Forum (no posters)Grassland resources in Liaoning province of China : problems and management strategiesGui‐Juan Du and Jia‐Ming ZhengA nimal& Husbandry Herbage Research Institute , L iaoning A cademy o f A gricultural Science , Dongling 84 , Shenyang ,L iaoning , China , E‐mail :gui j uandu＠ 163 .comKey words : natural grasses , artificial grasses , Liaoning province , management , policyIntroduction Liaoning province is located in the transitional region between the Mongolia Plateau and the eastern coastal regionof China . The area is characterized by mixture of agriculture and forage production . The province possesses a relatively largearea of natural grassland and the climate and regional eco‐environmental conditions are favorable for development of artificialgrasslands as well . The quality and use of the grassland in Liaoning are , however , at low levels . This problem seriouslyprevents development of the livestock production . This presentation aims to suggest effective strategies for improving grasslandeconomy on the basis of evaluating the grass resources distribution in Liaoning .　 　 　 Figure 1 Grade distribution o f natural grasslands inL iaoning p rov ince .Distribution and conditions of the grassland resources Thetotal area of natural grasslands in Liaoning is ３ ,３８９ ,０００hectares , occupying ２３畅２％ of the total land area ofLiaoning province . About ９５％ of the natural grasslandresources are currently being used . As shown in Figure １ ,the areas of the grasslands with high productivity ( Grades １‐３ ) are much smaller , and those with middle quality arebigger ( Grades ４‐６ ) . Recent investigations showed thatthere are near a thousand of grass species in Liaoning . Morethan ３２０ species have excellent characteristics , whichinclude more than １２０ species of legumenosae grasses andmore than １００ gramineae plants ( Du , ２００６ ) . The grassresources in Liaoning are estimated to be able to providefeedstocks at most for ２ .０２６ × １０４ cattle years . There are , however , about ６ × １０４ cattle years in Liaoning now . Seriousoveruse of the grassland has caused rapid degradation of the grassland quality . At present , about ９０％ of the grassland isdegrading , to various degrees . The current production ability of the grasslands is only equivalent to ３０％ to ７０％ of that shownbefore １９８２ . Thus far , about １３％ of the grasslands in Liaoning have been desertified and/ or salinized ( Zhuang , ２００３ ) .Theartificial grasslands in Liaoning mainly consist of agricultural herbaceous plants . On average , １５７ ,０００ hectares of artificialgrassland were maintained annually during the period from １９９６ to ２００５ . In １９９７ , the artificial grassland area increased to １９１ ,０００ hectares , followed by a decrease in the subsequent years until ２００３ . In ２００５ , there was about １８１ ,０００ hectares of artificialgrassland . The artificial grasses are mainly planted in the western region of Liaoning which is mostly hilly and lacks forest ,thereby appropriate for developing large area of grasslands . Artificial grasslands in Liaoning can be categorized into two types :forage grasses and non‐forage grasses . Forage grasslands accounts for ４５％ of the artificial grasslands , and the remainder isnon‐forage grasslands . Forage grasses include forage corn and sorghum . Non‐forage grasses are comprised of alfalfa( accounting for about ３２％ of the total area of the artificial grasslands ) , Erect Milkvetch ( １１％ ) , Sweetchover ( ４％ ) , andothers (８％ ) .Management strategies Grassland management can be improved by implementing the following strategies . First , grass biologicalresearch should be strengthened to increase development and application of grass technology . The technology includes efficientseeding , disease control , land resources conservation , livestock development , animal breeding , and biomass processing .Second , grassland management should be driven by economic marketing . For instance , the eastern and southern regions ofLiaoning , where economy is well developed , should increase artificial grassland area by adjusting the rural cropping structure ,whereas the northwestern region , where the economy is poorly developed , should protect the existing natural grasslands andincrease restoration of natural grasslands from croplands . All these adjustments should be centered on realization of concurrentimprovement of regional ecological conditions and economic benefits . Last , grassland management policy should be furtherconsummated .( clarify what is meant by consummated ?What grassland management policy is being referenced heee ?)ReferencesDu , Q‐L . ２００６ . Strategies for sustainable development of grass production in China . Press o f A griculture o f China ,Beijing ,pp . ２５９‐２９０ .Zhuang , W‐F . ２００３ . Status and strategies of grass production in Liaoning province . Grass Science ２０(３) , ７５‐７８ .Chen , Q . , and Zheng , J‐M . ２００６ . Perspectives on the high efficient economic model system that combines grass productionand livestock production in the western region of Liaoning province . Rain Fed Crops ２６(２) , １５７‐１５８ .

Grassland Resources in Liaoning Province of China: Problems and Management Strategies

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Grassland Resources in Liaoning Province of China: Problems and Management Strategies

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