Gotoh, Takafumi

Hayashi, Keisuke

Ikeda, Kentarou

Masuda, Yasuhisa

Shimojo, Masataka

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress Renovation of Annual Grassland in Japan by Volunteer Grasses Kentarou Ikeda National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, Japan Keisuke Hayashi Kyushu University, Japan Takafumi Gotoh Kyushu University, Japan Masataka Shimojo Kyushu University, Japan Yasuhisa Masuda Kyushu University, Japan Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/13-1/17 The XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. 瞯 ]460　 瞯 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅱ 　Grasslands/Rangelands Production Systems——— Domestication of Native Grasslands/Rangelands Plants for Regional UseRenovation of annual grassland in Japan by volunteer grassesKentarou Ikeda1 , K eisuke H ayashi2 , Taka f umi Gotoh2 , Masataka Shimo jo2 , Y asuhisa Masuda21 National A gricultural Research Center f or Tohoku Region . E‐mail : kenikeda＠ af f rc .go .j p2 Div ision o f Bioresource and Bioenv ironmental Sciences , K yushu University , H akoz aki , Fukuoka 812‐8581 , Jap anKey words :digitaria adscendens ,dormancy ,Echinochloa crus‐galli ,germination , Lolium multiflorumIntroduction Temperate perennial grasses from Europe , such as Dacty lis glomerata L . and Festuca arundinacea Schreb . , arethe main grasses sown in meadows of Japan . However , since the Kyushu Region in southwestern Japan is warmer , tropicalannual grasses such as Echinochloa crus‐galli ( L .) Beauv . and Digitaria adscendens ( H .B .K .) Henr . have spread inmeadows from summer to autumn . Meanwhile , volunteer Lolium multi f lorum Lam . , which is a temperate annual grass ,spreads from spring to early summer in meadows of the Kyushu Region . In this way , tropical and temperate annual grassesalternate in dominance as volunteer grasses . We investigated the seasonal change of vegetation in an annual meadow and thecharacteristics of germination and dormancy for Echinochloa crus‐galli , Digitaria adscendens and Lolium multi f lorum .Materials and methods In ２００２ we investigated a meadow in the Kyushu Region ( ３３°０３′ N , １３１°１３′ E ) where annual grassesalternated in their dominance . The meadow was mowed twice during the investigation period . We regularly measured the coverand plant height of all species at five points in the meadow by using １‐m２ quadrats . MDR ( Multiplied Dominance Ratio ) wascalculated from those values ( cover 倡 height) . Furthermore , seeds of Echinochloa crus‐galli , Digitaria adscendens and Loliummulti f lorum were placed in nylon mesh bags and buried in the meadow ground immediately af ter shattering . Those seeds weredug up regularly , and germination tests were conducted under various environmental conditions .Results Volunteer Lolium multi f lorumdominated from spring to summer . Aftersummer cutting , tropical annual grasssuch as Echinochloa crus‐galli andDigitaria adscendens dominated asvolunteer Lolium multi f lorum declined( Figures .１ , ２ ) . Light and alternatingtemperatures induced the germination ofEchinochloa crus‐galli and Digitariaadscendens . But the effect of light andalternating temperature differed greatlyfor different stages of dormancy( Figures . ３ , ４ ) . Volunteer Loliummulti f lorum also had dormancy and lightgermination , but its dormant period wasonly one month from shattering ( Figure .５) .Figure 1 Seasonal change o fMDR in Echinochloa crus‐gallipopulation . A rrows indicatecuttings .Figure 2 Seasonal change o fMDR in Digitaria adscendenspopulation . A rrows indicatecuttings .Figure 3 Germination o f Echinochloacrus‐galli in di f f erent dormancyawakening stages . Seeds wereincubated f or １４ days .　 　Figure 4 Germination o f Digitariaadscendens in di f f erent dormancyawakening stages . Seeds wereincubated for １４ days .　 　Figure 5 Germination o f volunteerLolium multiflorum in di f f erentdormancy awakening stages . Seedsweer incubated under ２５ ℃ light f or１４ days .Conclusions Echinochloa crus‐galli , Digitaria adscendens and Lolium multi f lorum were able to sense the safe period and safesite for subsequent grow th . Properties of germination might be a major factor that explains the survival and alternate dominanceof these annual grass populations in the meadow .

Renovation of Annual Grassland in Japan by Volunteer Grasses

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Renovation of Annual Grassland in Japan by Volunteer Grasses

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