De, Ying

Wang, Yuqing

Xu, Chunbo

Zhao, Laixi

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress Ecotypic Research and Applied Value of the Forage Germplasm Resources Laixi Zhao Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Yuqing Wang Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Ying De Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Chunbo Xu Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/13-2/24 The XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅱ 　 瞯 ]517　 瞯Grasslands/Rangelands Production Systems——— Domestication of Native Grasslands/Rangelands Plants for Regional UseEcotypic research and applied value of the forage germplasm resourcesZhao L aix i , W ang Yuqing , De Y ing and Xu ChunboG rassland Research institute o f CA A S , Hohhot 010010 ,PCR . E‐mail :z haolaix i3630＠ sina .comKey words : forage , germplasm resources , ecotype , research , applied valueIntroduction Ecotype is a common ecological term , which is used to describe intraspecific ecological differentiated flora . And ithas already been adopted by plant taxonomy , systematics , physiology , genetics and related applied disciplines . It is importantto know and grasp intraspecific gene type having different properties and value especially in collection , introduction , evaluation ,genetic breeding and utilization of plant germplasm resources , and for understanding basic interspecific properties and utilizablevalue . . This paper is a brief summary about the development of the ecotypic research , and its status and role in production andapplication , etc . The purpose is to show the importance and potential of conducting ecotypic research and application of foragegermplasm resources .Research summary and developmental tendency From １９２２ to date , ecotypic research and application have a history of more than８０ years ; its development will be divided into three stages to be summarized in this paper . １ . Early stage : From １９２２ to thesixties , more than ３０ years , scholars of the ecotypic research conducted much research on basic theories , research contents andmethods , and the relationship of ecotypes with taxonomy and genetics . They made remarkable progress on the existent degreeof ecotype , the difficulty degree of ecotype recognition , the discernable methods of ecotype , the taxonomic system of ecotype ,etc . ２ . Middle stage : From the sixties to the middle of the seventies , ecologists conducted much research on phytoecology ,systematics , genetics and other disciplines ; findings played an active role in the interpretation of the intraspecific fixeddifferentiation , adaptability , and interspecific genetic relationship . Basic theories were still developing , identified methods andtechnology were gradually improving , people were gradually paying attention to the ecotypic research in applied disciplines . ３ .Recent stage : The middle of seventies to date , research of ecotype and genotype increases in depth with a diversity of methodsand technology . On the basis of traditional field identification , some physiology , biochemistry , genetic characteristics andmicroscopic observation were applied gradually , such as electrophoresis and zoning of isozyme and protein , karyotype andzoning , molecular markers etc . Research of ecotype and genotype from the individual level‐the cellular level‐the molecular levelare a notable feature of this stage .Ecotypic status and role １ .Introduced value : Ecotype is an important theoretical concept . Success or failure of introductiondepends not only on the different extent of ecological factors between regions , but also on ecotypic role . Because species arewidely distributed , ecological range is wide , it is inevitable that intraspecies have ecological differentiation . If it isn�tintroduced to the most appropriate ecological types , the result of the introduction will be affected .２ .Domestication andscreening value : Screening , only those ecological types having the strongest adaptability and the most excellent productioncharacteristics representative of a desirable forage , can domesticate the most excellent type for forage production .３ .The valueof breeding : Ecotype is an important source of cultivating improved varieties ; excellent ecotype not only can be directly used forthe production , but also can serve as the parental materials of breeding , and to cultivate new varieties with characteristics betterthan its parent摧s . In the desirable plants of widespread species , long‐term natural selection differentiate into ecotypes havingimmeasurable excellent source of genes . Today utilizing excellent ecotypse to cultivate new varieties is a developmental trend .The importance of carrying out the research and the application of fine forage摧s ecotype in China China is one of the countrieshaving the greatest abundance of forage germplasm . China is vast in territory , complex natural environment , with abundantwidespread dsirable forage and ecotypes . In recent ３０ years , we have initiated and finished some keystone , inspection of foragegermplasm and collection of partial germplasm in a typical steppe . On the whole , we have found status quo and substantialresources of forage germplasm in those regions . But because of a late start , lack of material resources , financial power andmanpower , collection of germplasm is neither general nor systemic . In our country , wild species , closely related species , andescaped species are rich in desirable cultivated forage systems , peculiar desirable forage is also abundant , coupled with plenty ofnew wild species having exploitation potential , which are all the important materials basis for collection and identification offorage摧s ecotype . A large amount of practical experience tells us that conducting ecotypic collection and research are not onlyfeasible but also very necessary . These collections of desirable forage ecotypes , in the same conditions as field systemicidentification and in‐depth studies of physiology , biochemistry and genetic , should aid in screening and seeking out a group ofdesirable forage with high quality , high yield and multi‐resistance . The practices will have a very important role in introductionof desirable forages to ecological zones and direct utilization and cultivation of new varieties .ReferencesLe Tianyu , １９６５ . Plant Ecoty p ic Science , the Scientific Publishing House .Simmonds N .W . , １９７６ , Evolution o f Crop Plants , Longman Inc . New York .

Ecotypic Research and Applied Value of the Forage Germplasm Resources

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Ecotypic Research and Applied Value of the Forage Germplasm Resources

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