Peterson, David D.

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Cedarville UniversityDigitalCommons@CedarvilleKinesiology and Allied Health Faculty Presentations Department of Kinesiology and Allied Health4-2015Proposed Revisions to the Navy Physical ReadinessTestDavid D. PetersonCedarville University, ddpeterson@cedarville.eduFollow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/kinesiology_and_allied_health_presentationsPart of the Exercise Science CommonsThis Conference Presentation is brought to you for free and open access byDigitalCommons@Cedarville, a service of the Centennial Library. It hasbeen accepted for inclusion in Kinesiology and Allied Health FacultyPresentations by an authorized administrator ofDigitalCommons@Cedarville. For more information, please contactdigitalcommons@cedarville.edu.Recommended CitationPeterson, David D., "Proposed Revisions to the Navy Physical Readiness Test" (2015). Kinesiology and Allied Health FacultyPresentations. 98.http://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/kinesiology_and_allied_health_presentations/98Proposed Revision to the Navy Physical Readiness Test  CDR D. D. Peterson, EdD, CSCS*D MSC, USN 2015 • In May 2004, an Army HHC operating in Northern Iraq was hit multiple times by enemy mortar fire.  • After the attack, the onsite commander found one of his soldiers attempting to move a bleeding and unresponsive casualty; however, lacked the physical strength to do so. • Ironically, this soldier consistently passed the APFT.  - Batchelor (2008)  Need for Combat Fitness Tests • Lessons learned: – Service members need to be better prepared for the rigors of war – Military services cannot  rely on current physical training programs to prepare service members to meet these demands   - Batchelor (2008)  Need for Combat Fitness Tests LTG Mark Hertling TRADOC Deputy CG   “Today’s PT test does not adequately measure components of strength, endurance, or mobility. The events have a low correlation to the performance of warrior tasks and battle drills and are not strong predictors of successful physical performance on the battlefield or in full spectrum operations.” Need for Combat Fitness Tests • In January 2013, SecDef lifted the ban on women serving in combat roles   Need for Combat Fitness Tests • Today’s service members are “tactical athletes” • Job requirements include the ability to jump, crawl, roll, bound, climb, push, pull, sprint, and                                              carry heavy loads long distances  - Doyle & McDaniel (2006), Heinrich et. al (2012), Roy et. (2010) Need for Combat Fitness Tests Operationally relevant PT tests provide military commanders with the following information: • Physical capabilities/limitations of assigned personnel • Information for task force selection • Identify essential fitness components • Means of evaluating PT programs  - Harman et. al (2008), Knapik & East (2014) Need for Combat Fitness Tests Fitness Testing 101 • A series of exercises designed to assess fitness (e.g., cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, agility, etc.).  [WHAT]  • Typically performed before starting an exercise program and/or periodically to monitor progress.  [WHEN]   Fitness Testing Definition • Identify physiological strengths & weaknesses  • Ranking individuals for selection purposes  • Predicting future performances  • Evaluating effectiveness of training program  • Track performance over time  • Assign training parameters • load (e.g., based of 1RM)   [WHY] Fitness Testing Purpose A test used to assess ability that is performed away from the laboratory and does not require extensive training or expensive equipment to administer. Field Test Definition • Be Valid • Be Reliable • Be Feasible • Be Objective • Be Operationally Relevant • Incorporate as many components of physical fitness as possible  Field Tests Should… Skill Related: ‒ Speed ‒Agility ‒Power ‒Coordination ‒Balance ‒Reaction Time Health Related: ‒Cardiovascular Fitness ‒Muscular Endurance ‒Muscular Strength ‒ Flexibility ‒Body Composition Physical Fitness Components Upper Body Lower Body Core Body Composition Body Circumference (2-site for Males; 3-site for Females) / 3-Site Skinfold Flexibility Shoulder Flexibility Test Sit-Reach - Balance - Stork Stand Test Modified Bass - Agility - 3-Cone Drill Pro-Agility NSCA T-Test - Anaerobic Power Overhead Medicine Ball Throw Underhand Medicine Ball Throw Standing Long Jump Vertical Jump - Speed - 40-yd Sprint ¾ Court Sprint  - Muscular Strength Push-Pull Dynamometer Test Leg-Hip Dynamometer - Muscular Endurance Pull-Ups Modified Cadence Push-Ups Wall Squat Quad Plank V-Sit Anaerobic Capacity - 60-yd Shuttle 300-yd Shuttle 400-m Sprint - Aerobic Endurance - 12-min Run 1.5-mi. Run - Potential Field Tests • Non-fatiguing tests • Agility tests • Maximum power / strength • Sprint tests • Muscular endurance • Anaerobic capacity • Aerobic capacity  Field Test Order Developing a Fitness Test • Define what you want to measure  [Needs Analysis] • Research to see if similar tests already exist • Modify / develop official testing procedures • Determine appropriate scoring system • Pilot the test, scoring system, and procedures • Evaluate, modify, and retest • Develop norms  - Bishop, P. (2008).  Measurement and Evaluation in physical activity applications.   Developing a Test US Army Airborne School APFT Requirements Event Male (17-21 y/o) Female (17-21 y/o) Push-Ups 42 19 Sit-Ups 53 53 2-Mile Run 15:54 18:54 US Army Ranger Physical Fitness Test Push-Ups Sit-Ups Chin-Ups 5-Mile Run 49+ 59+ 6+ <40:00 Criterion vs. Norm Standards Criterion Standards Example: Criterion vs. Norm Standards Performance Norms Example:  OPNAVINST 6110.1H Sample Field Tests used by Industry • 40-yd Dash  • Bench Press  • Vertical Leap  • Broad Jump  • 20-yd Shuttle  • 3 Cone Drill  • 60-yd Shuttle NFL Combine • 40-yd Dash  • Pro-Agility  • Kneeling Powerball Toss  • Vertical Jump Nike SPARQ Kneeling Powerball Toss Fitness Tests used by the Military •  Military Services shall develop and use physical fitness tests (PFTs) that evaluate aerobic capacity, muscular strength, and muscular endurance.  •  PFTs shall assess baseline generalized fitness and not represent mission specific fitness demands.  DoD Instruction 1308.3 • Primary Components: – Push-Up – Sit-Up – 2.0-Mile Run  • Alternate Cardio Options: – 800-yd Swim – 6.2-Mile Stationary Bike  – 2.5-Mile Walk Test  Army Physical Fitness Test • Primary Components: – Curl-Ups (1-min) – Push-Ups (1-min) – 1.5-Mile Run  • Alternate Cardio Options: – 1.0-Mile Rockport Walk Test   Air Force Physical Fitness Test • Pull-ups (Males) / Flexed Arm Hang (Females)  • Crunches  • 3.0-Mile Run      USMC Physical Fitness Test • 880-yd run  • 2-min overhead press  • Obstacle Course   USMC Combat Fitness Test • Primary Components: – Curl-Ups – Push-Ups – 1.5-Mile Run  • Alternate Cardio Options: – 450-m / 500-yd Swim – 12-min Elliptical  – 12-min Stationary Bike   Navy Physical Readiness Test Where have all the runners gone? Event Valid Reliable Feasible Objective Operationally Relevant Curl-Ups X X X X - Push-Ups - X X - - 1.5-Mile Run X X X X - 500-yd / 450-m Swim - X - X - 12-min Elliptical Trainer - - - X - 12-min Stationary Bike - - - X - Navy Physical Readiness Test • Chapter 4, page 77:  “Some electronic fitness equipment [bike] cannot be calibrated and should not be used for testing.”  ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing & Prescription (9th Ed.) PRT Approved Ellipticals and Bikes Correlation between VO2max, 1.5 Mile Run, and 500-yd Swim VO2max 1.5 Mile Run 500-yd Swim VO2max - -0.84 * -0.32 1.5 Mile Run - - 0.44 * 500-yd Swim - - - 5K Bike vs. 500-yd Swim Correlation between VO2max, % BF, Swim Skill, and Swim Time Swim Time VO2max Swim Skill % BF Swim Time - -0.32 -0.83 * 0.20 VO2max - - 0.28 -0.74 * Swim Skill - - - 0.24 % BF - - - - * p < 0.01, N = 60 Possible New Physical Fitness Tests • 60-yd Shuttle  • 1-Minute Rower  • Standing Long Jump  • 1-Minute Push-Up  • 1.5-Mile Run Army Physical Readiness Test • 400-m Run w/Weapon  • Individual Movement                                             Techniques  • Ammo Can Shuttle                                                     Sprint  • Casualty Drag  • Agility Sprint Army Combat Readiness Test • Transition to a standards-based Army – Match Soldiers to jobs that best correspond to their physical ability  • Apply standards uniformly to every Soldier – No age or gender exceptions to these            standards   TRADOC Soldier 2020 • Specific job tasks determined to be essential for Combat Engineers – Maximal lift – Drag – Repetitive lift & carry – Load carriage   TRADOC Soldier 2020 Muscular Endurance: ‒ Sit-ups ‒Push-ups ‒Arm ergometer Muscular Strength: ‒Handgrip  ‒Upright pull  ‒Biceps curl  ‒ Squat lift Soldier 2020 Predictor Tests Cardiovascular Endurance: ‒Beep test ‒ Step test Power: ‒ Standing long Jump ‒Medicine-ball put ‒Overhead powerball throw ‒Resistance pull Speed & Agility: ‒ Illinois agility test ‒300-m run • Worden and White III (2012): – ½ mile run – 2-min repetitive dumbbell lift – 1-min push-ups  • Mitchell et al. (2014): – 1.5-mile run – 2-min repetitive dumbbell lift   Air Force Combat Fitness Test? • Single-Leg Plank • Single-Leg Wall Squat • Cadence Push-Ups • Standing Long Jump • Leg/Hip Dynamometer • Pro Agility Test • 300-yd Shuttle • 2-Km Rower • 5-Km Bike Test     2011 PRT Beta Test • Numerous shipboard and other Naval tasks require great physical strength.  However, few field batteries exist to adequately assess muscular strength.  • ~ 84% of Navy shipboard tasks can be categorized into three basic movement patterns ‒ Lifting ‒ Carrying ‒ Pulling   1985 Robertson & Trent Study Proposed Fitness Tests for the   U.S. Navy • Primary Components: – Abdominal Circumference • Umbilicus – Plank – 1.5-mile Run  • Alternate Cardio Options: – 2-Km Rower   Navy General Fitness Test Event Valid Reliable Feasible Objective Operationally Relevant Abdominal Circumference X X X X X Plank X - X - X 1.5-mile Run X X X X - 2-Km Rower X X - X - Navy General Fitness Test Navy General Fitness Test • Components: – Kneeling Powerball Toss • 2-kg powerball - Females • 3-kg powerball - Males – Standing Long Jump – 40-yd Dash – 50-yd Loaded Carry • (2) 24-kg kettlebells - Females • (2) 32-kg kettlebells - Males – 300-yd Shuttle  Navy Operational Fitness Test Event Valid Reliable Feasible Objective Operationally Relevant Kneeling Powerball Toss X X - X X Standing Long Jump X X X X X 40-yd Dash X X X X X 50-yd Loaded Carry X X - X X 300-yd Shuttle X X X X X Navy Operational Fitness Test Navy Operational Fitness Test Questions? body-by-meat.blogspot.com 

Proposed Revisions to the Navy Physical Readiness Test

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Proposed Revisions to the Navy Physical Readiness Test

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