Awah-Ndukum, J.

Boukila, B.

Pamo, E. Tedonkeng

Tendonkeng, F.

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress Acaricidal Activity of Essential Oils from Leaves of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robins., Eucalyptus saligna Smith. & Chenopodium ambrosioides on Ticks (Rhipicepha luslunulatus Neumann, 1907) of West African Dwarf Goats (WADG) in Cameroon E. Tedonkeng Pamo University of Dschang, Cameroon B. Boukila Université des sciences et techniques de Masuku, Gabon J. Awah-Ndukum University of Dschang, Cameroon F. Tendonkeng University of Dschang, Cameroon Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/9-2/34 The 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅱ 　 瞯 ]101　 瞯Grasslands/Rangelands Production Systems——— Livestock Production SystemsAcaricidal activity of essential oils from leaves of Chromolaena odorata (L .) King & Robins . ,Eucalyptus saligna Smith .& Chenopodium ambrosioides on ticks ( Rhipicephalus lunulatusNeumann ,1907) of West African Dwarf Goats (WADG) in CameroonE .Tedonkeng Pamo1 ,B .Boukila2 ,J .A w ah‐Ndukum1 ,F .Tendonkeng11 Dep t .o f A nimal Prod . ,FA SA ,University o f Dschang .P .O .Box : 222 Dschang ,Cameroon .E‐mail : p amo ＿ te＠ yahoo .f r2 I .N .S .A . ,Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku ,B .P .941 .Gabon ;Key words : Essential oils ,C .odorata ,E .saligna C .ambrosioides R .lunulatus ,West African Dwarf goatsIntroduction Goat population in Cameroon is estimated at ３ ,７６０ ,０００ . However , their productivity is severely limited bymalnutrition and diseases ,including ectoparasites infestations .Standard synthetic compounds have been used to control ticks inthe region but limited resources ,high cost and the development of resistance restricts their use by poor farmer .Alternative anti‐tick strategies are therefore required .Extracts of many plants are known to have wide ranges of biological activities ( Kuiate ,１９９３ ) which if effectively used can reduce the fatal effects of these parasites on animals .This study was carried out to evaluatethe bioactivity of essential oils from the leaves of C .odorota ( CO) ,E .saligna ( ES) and C .ambrosioides ( CA) on R .lunulatus( RL ) of WADG in Cameroon .Materials and methods Fresh leaves of CO ,ES and CA plants were harvested and sun dried for ３ days .Extractions of theessential oils were accomplished separately through hydrodistillation and the chemical compositions determined as by Kuiate ,(１９９３) .The oils obtained were stored in the dark at ４ ± １ ℃ .Two hundred RL ticks ,identified as described by Walker et al .(２００２) ,collected from WADG in Dschang area without breaking their rostrum were weighed ( average : ０ .５g) and their length(６ .５ mm) measured .These two parameters were used as reference measure for the choice of ticks used in the tests .Five dosesof the dehydrated extracts prepared by diluting ０ ; ５ ; １０ ; ２０ and ４０ μl separately in １ ml of chloroform solvent were used .Round filter papers were soaked with each solution and placed in fitting clean dry Petri dishes ,with ４ replicates each at roomtemperature (２４ ℃ ) ,to obtain the following doses : ０ ; ０ .０７９ ; ０ .１５７ ; ０ .３１４ and ０ .６２９ μl/ cm２ .Ten ticks having the abovereference size were randomly placed in each petri dish and covered .The plates were examined each morning over a period of ８days and dead ticks were counted and removed .The mortality rate of the tick was calculated as per Abbot ( １９２５ ) as follows :Mc ＝ Mo‐Mt１００‐Mt ,where Mc ＝ accrued and corrected death rate ; Mo ＝ death rate in treated group ; M t ＝ death rate in the control( natural mortality) .The cumulative and corrected mortality percentages were analysed by ANOVA ( Steel and Torrie ,１９８０ )and the differences between the treatments were analysed by the Student �t " test .The logarithmic regression of the doseaccording to mortality was used to determine the lethal dose ５０ ( LD５０ ) .Results The yields of ex traction of essential oils were ０ .０６％ ; ０ .７０％ and ０ .８５％ f rom the leaves of CO ,CA and ESrespectively . Chemical analysis showed that the principal compositions of the essential oils from the leaves wereBicyclogermacrène (１２ .５５％ ) ,Géigérène (１１ .８５％ ) ,α‐Pinène (９ .３６％ ) and ( Z)‐β‐Farnesène (９ .９８％ ) for CO ,α‐Pinène (２９ .５％ ) ,y‐Terpinéol (９ .６１％ ) and p‐Cymène (９ .０９％ ) for ES and p‐Cymène (６５ .１６％ ) ,Limonène (１７ .１０％ ) and Ascaridole(１０ .７６％ ) for CA .All the ４ concentrations tested in this study showed anti‐tick effects but with significant differences ( P ＜ ０ .０５ ) between treatments .The efficacy increased with increase in concentration of the essential oils and duration of exposure .Theessential oil from the leaves of CA was always most ( P ＜ ０ .０５ ) toxic to the ticks followed by the oils from CO and ES .Themortality in the control group were recorded from day ６ and was always significantly lower ( P ＜ ０ .０５ ) compared to the othertreatment groups and the important chemical constituents in the essential oils were observed to be the toxic ingredients .Following the transformation of the mortality percentages to probits ,the regression lines revealed that the LD５０ were : ０ .０５３ ; ０ .０７９ and ０ .１２０ μl/ cm２ for the essential oils from CA ,CO and ES respectively .Conclusions The essential oils of CA ,CO and ES are toxic to R .lunulatus ticks .The LD５０ obtained in this work showed that theessential oil from the leaves of CA (０ .０５３μl/ cm２ ) is most toxic followed by those from CO (０ .０７９μl/ cm２ ) and ES (０ .１２０ μl/cm２ ) suggesting a potentially high efficiency against R .lunulatus ticks .ReferencesAbbott W .S .１９２５ .A method for computing the effectiveness of our insecticide .Journal o f Ecological Entomology .18 : ２６５‐２６７ .Kuiate J .R .１９９３ .Détermination des teneurs ,des propriétés chimiques et des activités antimicrobiennes des huiles essentielles dequelques astéracées utilisées en médecine traditionnelle au Cameroun .Thèse de Doctorat de 3è cycle ,Université Yaoundé I ,２１７p .Steel R .G .and Torrie J .H .１９８０ .Principles and procedures of statistics .New York ,McG raw H ill Book C . ６３３p .Walker J .B . ,Keirans J .C .and Horak I .K .２００２ .The genus Rhipicephalus ( Acari Kodidae) : A guide to the brown ticks of theword .Cambridge University Press , ６５５p .

Acaricidal Activity of Essential Oils from Leaves of \u3cem\u3eChromolaena odorata\u3c/em\u3e (L.) King & Robins., \u3cem\u3eEucalyptus saligna\u3c/em\u3e Smith. & \u3cem\u3eChenopodium ambrosioides\u3c/em\u3e on Ticks (\u3cem\u3eRhipicepha luslunulatus\u3c/em\u3e Neumann, 1907) of West African Dwarf Goats (WADG) in Cameroon

https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3066&amp;context=igc

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

University of Kentucky