Awah-Ndukum, J.

Boukila, B.

Essie, F. Matumuini Ndzanie

Pamo, E. Tedonkeng

Tendonkeng, F.

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress Anthelmintic Property of Fresh Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Leaves Incorporated in the Diet of West African Dwarf Goats E. Tedonkeng Pamo University of Dschang, Cameroon J. Awah-Ndukum University of Dschang, Cameroon B. Boukila Université des sciences et techniques de Masuku, Gabon F. Tendonkeng University of Dschang, Cameroon F. Matumuini Ndzanie Essie Université des sciences et techniques de Masuku, Gabon Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/9-2/35 The 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. 瞯 ]102　 瞯 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅱ 　Grasslands/Rangelands Production Systems——— Livestock Production SystemsAnthelmintic property of fresh cassava ( Manihot esculenta leaves incorporated in the diet ofWest African Dwarf GoatsE .Tedonkeng Pamo1 ,J .A wah‐Ndukum1 ,B .Boukila2 ,F .Tendonkeng1 ,F .Matumuini N dz anie Essie21‐A nimal Nutrition L aboratory ,Dep artment o f A nimal Production ,FA SA ,University o f Dschang .Cameroon .2‐Institut National Supérieur d�A gronomie et de Biotechnologie ( INSA B) ,Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku ,Gabon .Key words : cassava leaves ,feeding ,anthelmintic property ,West African Dwarf Goats ,CameroonIntroduction Poor socio‐economic status and management ,malnutrition and parasitic diseases are major constraints limitingproductivity of goats in the tropics .The exorbitant cost of standard drugs against parasitic infections and development ofresistance limit their use by marginal poor farmers .The present study investigates the anthelmintic and anticoccidial propertiesof cassava leaves incorporated in the diet of West African Dwarf goats (WAD) in Cameroon .Materials and methods During a ９０ days study period １８ female and non‐pregnant WAD naturally infested with gastrointestinalparasites ( GI) were randomly distributed into ３ treatment groups ( T０ ,T１ & T２) of ６ animals each .All the animals were placedon Brachiaria ruz iz iensis , Pennisetum purpureum and T ry psacum laxum .Chopped fresh cassava ( Manihot esculenta) leaves( CL ) were supplied in feeding �boxes�as follows : ０ ( T０) ,４００ ( T１) and ８００ ( T２) g CL / animal / day .Rectal faecal sampleswere collected at the start and thence every １０ days to determine the evolution of GI as described by Soulsby [ １９７２ ] .Thecritical efficacy ( E) for each species following treatment was calculated using the formula : E ＝ { OP/ ( OP ＋ OR) x１００} ; where :OP ＝ the parasite ova / oocysts passed before treatment ; OR ＝ the parasite ova / oocysts passed after treatment .The obtaineddata were submitted to ANOVA ,Student摧s �t�test and regression analyses .Results and discussion The average acceptance of the leaves was high ( above ７８％ intake rate) and increased steadily to a peak at１００％ on day ４０ for both treatment groups .The nature of faeces passed was comparable between the control and treatmentgroups .Nematodes and coccidia were the main infestations recorded with １００％ infestation rates for Eimeria ,T richostrongy lus ,Chabertia and Oesophagostomum sp p , ２７ .７８％ for Haemonchus ,Strongy loides １６ .６７％ and Moniez ia sp p . ５ .５６％ .Duringthe study treatment with ８００ gCL / animal/ day showed significantly higher critical efficacy than for ４００ gCL / animal/ day andnatural elimination ( control) rates for nematodes .However ,both CL treatment groups showed better results for Eimeria sp p .elimination during the initial ３０ days of the work than the control .Apparent increases in the faecal egg / oocyst counts observedin the study suggested reinfestation and / or maturation of intermediate stages of the gut parasites .Very high levels ofparasitism and reinfestation ,even following frequent use of anthelmintics ,have been found in fully confined goats on forage cuton a short period basis from contaminated fields .The study period coincided with the rainy season and the goats used wererestricted to rotational paddock grazing ,supplied extra forages and lodged in slatted floor housing with poor sanitary conditions .The anti‐parasite properties in this work agree with those of Sokerya and Preston ( ２００３ ) who observed similar results whencassava foliage was fed alone or in combination with grass to confined goats but there was also reinfestation amongst animalsplaced on grass after invermectin treatment .The regression equations derived af ter comparing critical efficacy of CL treatmentor natural elimination of GI and duration of treatment ( Table １ ) revealed mild but positive gradients for nematodes in the CLgroups and a negative gradient for the control group .Steeper and negative gradients were obtained for coccidia .Therefore ,increase in duration of CL treatment had increasing effect on the intestinal nematodes and vice versa for the control while CLincorporation and duration of treatment seemed to have decreasing or practically no effect on coccidia .Table 1 Regressions f or critical e f f icacy vs duration o f treatment on gut parasites .Treatment Nematodes CoccidiaWhole study period (９０ days)Control (０ gCL ) y ＝ ‐１ ,０５x ＋ ３６ ,７８ ;R２ ＝ ０ ,１１９９ By ＝ ‐６ ,１０x ＋ ５０ ,０２ ; R２ ＝ ０ ,３１２０ :４００ gCL / goat / day y ＝ ０ ,７２x ＋ ２６ ,４７ ; R２ ＝ ０ ,０６８０ By ＝ ‐９ ,８９x ＋ ７８ ,０１ ; R２ ＝ ０ ,５２２０ :８００ gCL / goat / day y ＝ ０ ,８０x ＋ ５７ ,５３ ; R２ ＝ ０ ,０３５４ By ＝ ‐１０ ,９４x ＋ ７９ ,９６ ; R２ ＝ ０ ,６１０９ hBefore reinfestation ( or during the initial ４０ ( Nematodes) / ３０ (Coccidia) days of study)Control (０ gCL ) y ＝ ４ ,２５x ＋ ２６ ,４０ ;R２ ＝ ０ ,６７２４ #y ＝ ２７ ,８８x‐７ ,１７ ; R２ ＝ ０ ,９０３３ 葺４００ gCL / goat / day y ＝ ５ ,０２x ＋ １７ ,７１ ; R２ ＝ ０ ,５８６  y ＝ １９ ,３０x ＋ ３３ ,２６ ; R２ ＝ ０ ,９４９７ I８００ gCL / goat / day y ＝ ５ ,４１x ＋ ４９ ,８６ ; R２ ＝ ０ ,５９５５ By ＝ １５ ,２７x ＋ ３９ ,８２ ; R２ ＝ ０ ,７５００ IIncreasing the dose of CL further improved the potential critical efficacy . CL treatment had the most effect onOesophagostomum sp and least on Eimeria spp .The therapeutic effect of cassava leaves can be attributted to its rich condensedtannin content ( Sokerya and Preston , ２００３ ; Lin et al , ２００３) which directly interferes with metabolic activities of the parasites .However ,there is need for further research into the nature ,extraction processes and activity spectrum of cassava leaves before itcan be recommended to farmers .ReferenceSoulsby ,E .J .C .１９７２ .Helminths ,Arthropods and Protozoa of domesticated animals .Baillière T indall ,London , ８０９pp .

Anthelmintic Property of Fresh Cassava (\u3cem\u3eManihot esculenta\u3c/em\u3e) Leaves Incorporated in the Diet of West African Dwarf Goats

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Anthelmintic Property of Fresh Cassava (\u3cem\u3eManihot esculenta\u3c/em\u3e) Leaves Incorporated in the Diet of West African Dwarf Goats

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