Barcellos, A. O.

Carvalho, Marcelo A.

Fernandes, Francisco Duarte

Guimarães Júnior, R.

Karia, Claudio T.

Leite, G. G.

Martha Júnior, G. B.

Paula-Moraes, S. V.

Ramos, Allan K. B.

Vilela, Lourival

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress The Forage Selection Program at the Cerrados Research Center--33 Years of Contributions for the Tropics Marcelo A. Carvalho EMBRAPA, Brazil Claudio T. Karia EMBRAPA, Brazil A. O. Barcellos EMBRAPA, Brazil G. G. Leite EMBRAPA, Brazil Lourival Vilela EMBRAPA, Brazil See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/12-1/14 The XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. Presenter Information Marcelo A. Carvalho, Claudio T. Karia, A. O. Barcellos, G. G. Leite, Lourival Vilela, Allan K. B. Ramos, Francisco Duarte Fernandes, S. V. Paula-Moraes, G. B. Martha Júnior, and R. Guimarães Júnior This event is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/12-1/14 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅱ 　 瞯 ]345　 瞯Grasslands/Rangelands Production Systems——— Developing Improved PlantsThe forage selection program at the Cerrados Research Center － 33 years of contributions for thetropicsM . A . Carv alho , C . T . K aria , A . O . Barcellos , G . G . Leite , L . V ilela , A . K . B . Ramos , F . D . Fernandes , S .V .Paula‐Moraes , G . B . Martha Júnior , R . Guimar本es JúniorBraz ilian A gricultural Research Corporation , Embrapa Cerrados , BR 020 km 18 , PO Box 08223 , Planaltina‐DF , Braz il ,73310‐970 E‐mail : marcelo＠ cp ac .embrapa .brKey words : tropical forages ,legume ,grasses ,genetic resources ,brazilian SavannahIntroduction The Brazilian Savannah or Cerrados extends for over ２０７ million of ha in the central region of Brazil , occupying２４％ of Brazil摧s territory . It is the second most important biome of Brazil gathering a very large and rich biodiversity .Nowadays , about ９６ million hectares are explored in agricultural or livestock enterprises . From this ９６ million ha exploredcultivated pastures represents ５０ million ha . The Cerrados is responsible for about ５５％ of the brazilian soybean production and４２％ of the brazilian cattle population , which represents ５０％ of the annual beef production . The Cerrados Research Center wasfounded in １９７５ with the main goal to improve the knowledge about the natural resources and to promote a sustainable use ofthe Cerrados . The forage selection program started at that time and made , along these ３３ years , great contributions to thelivestock business , releasing ５ grasses and ３ legumes cultivars .Materials and methods An evaluation scheme proposed by the International Network of T ropical Pastures Evaluation ( RIEPT ) ,coordenated by the International Center for T ropical Agriculture ( CIAT ) , and described in Toledo ( １９８２ ) , Paladines &Lascano (１９８３) and Lascano & Pizarro ( １９８４ ) was used to asssess tropical forage grasses and legumes adaptation to theenvironmetal conditions of the Cerrados Research Center ( １５°３５′３３″S and ４７°４２′３０″W ) and other locations . Since １９７５approximately ５０００ germplasm accessions of ５０ different genera (８４％ legumes and １６％ grasses) were evaluated . Adaptationto acid soils , pests and diseases resistance ( spittlebug , anthracnose , rust , and viruses) , high forage dry matter yield and seedproduction were some of the characteristics evaluated .Results The work conducted at the Cerrados Research Center pointed that from those ５０ different genera evaluated , threegenera of grasses and three genera of legumes were best suited to the low input and extensive pasture systems . These generaare : Brachiaria ,Panicum ,Paspalum ,Sty losanthes ,A rachis and Leucaena . Since then , the work with these genera resulted inthe releasing of the following cultivars : Brachiaria briz antha cv .�Marandu�( １９８５ ) ; Brachiaria briz antha cv . �Xaraes�(２００２) ; Panicum maximum cv .�Vencedor�( １９９０ ) ; Paspalum atratum cv .�Pojuca�( ２０００ ) ; Sty losanthes guianensis cv .�Bandeirante�( １９８３ ) ; Sty losanthes macrocephala cv . �Pioneiro�e Sty losanthes guianensis cv . �Mineir本o�( １９９３ ) . TheCerrados Research Center portfolio of cultivars also includes A ndropogon gayanus cv .�Planaltina�(１９８０ ) . A hybrid cultivarof Leucaena ( L . leucochephala x L . diversi f olia) its been preprared to release in ２００９ . The area cultivated with the CerradosResearch Center cultivars has been estimated in ３０ million hectares , which clearly demonstrate the importance of this forageselection program to Brazil and the T ropical region . Nowadays , the increasing of the low tillage systems and crop‐pasturesrotations , presents a new challenge to the research done at Cerrados Research Center . This new paradigm brings theopportunity to revisit some of the genera evaluated in the past , since the low input and extensive pasture systems it is notanymore the only option to the beef cattle enterprises .Conclusions The forage selection program of the Cerrados Research Center has done a great contribution to the beef cattleindustry of Brazil , especially to producers of the Brazilian savannas ( Cerrados ) . The cultivars released demonstrated a wideadaptation and resistance to spittlebug and anthracnose , some of the biggest problems facing grasses and legumes forages . Thenew challenges are already being addressed with a realignment of the focus of the research .ReferencesLascano ,C . E . ;Pizarro E . (Ed .). Evaluación de pasturas con animales :alternativas metodológicas . Cali : CentroInternacional de A gricultura T rop ical , １９８４ . ２９０p .Paladines ,O . ,Lascano ,C . (Ed .). Germoplasma forrajero bajo pastoreo en pequenas parcelas :metodologias de evaluación .Cali : Centro Internacional de A gricultura T rop ical , １９８３ . １８６p .Toledo ,J . M . (Ed). Manual para la evaluación agronómica . Cali : Centro Internacional de A gricultura T rop ical , １９８２ . １６８p .

The Forage Selection Program at the Cerrados Research Center--33 Years of Contributions for the Tropics

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The Forage Selection Program at the Cerrados Research Center--33 Years of Contributions for the Tropics

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