Malan, P. J.

Snyman, Hennie A.

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress Rooting of Karoo Shrub Cuttings P. J. Malan University of the Free State, South Africa Hennie A. Snyman University of the Free State, South Africa Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/10-1/49 The XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅱ 　 瞯 ]237　 瞯Grasslands/Rangelands Production Systems——— Integration of Crops , Forage and Forest SystemsRooting of Karoo shrub cuttingsP .J . Malan , H .A . SnymanDepartment o f A nimal , W ildli f e and G rassland Sciences , P .O . Box 339 , University o f the Free State , Bloem f ontein 9300 ,South A f rica . E‐mail : malanp j .sci＠ u f s .ac .z aKey words : vegetative ,propagation ,butyric acidIntroduction The Nama Karoo biome of South Africa is dominated by Karoo shrubs ( bushes ) , which are mainly utilized byextensive sheep farming . Seed of Karoo shrubs is not readily available and information on its germination is limited . Rooting ofplant material can be used for mass production of plant species that usually have poor seed germination or for the production ofclones of selected individual plants of the same species . Therefore , a pilot trial was conducted to test the ability of vegetativepropagation , through stem cuttings , of some Karoo shrub species . Production of these species might be useful for reclamationpurposes (Burke , ２００５) .Material and methods Plant material were collected during autumn at Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute in theFalse Upper Karoo ( South Africa ) and included the following species : T rip teris sinuata , Salsola calluna , L imeumaethiop icum , Nenax microphy lla , Plinthus karooicus , Hermannia cunei f olia v ar glabrescens , Phymaspemum parv i f olium ,Pentz ia incana , Eriocephalus ericoides and Walaf rida saxatilis . Three replicates of １５ cuttings per treatment were used .Stem cuttings were treated with three hormonal regimes : ０ g / kg ( T１ ) , １ g / kg ( T２ ) and ３ g / kg ( T３ ) IBA [ ４‐( indol‐３‐yl)‐butyric acid] . T reated cuttings were placed in two grow th media ( filter sand and hygro seedling mix ) in a mistbed for sixweeks . After six weeks the cuttings were removed from the grow th media . Those with one or more roots longer than １０mmwere counted as rooted cuttings .Results No significant differences ( P ＜ ０ .０１ ) were found between the grow th media . On average , T３ showed the highestrooting at ２７％ , while T１ were the lowest at ２０ ％ ( Table１) . The rooting of T２ was intermediate .Table 1 Percentage rooting o f each K aroo shrub species f or the di f f erent treatments .SpeciesRooting ( ％ )IBA [４‐( indol‐３‐yl)‐butyric acid]０ g / kg ( T１) １ g / kg ( T２) ３ g / kg ( T３ )Mean rootingper species ( ％ )L imeum aethiop icum ０ *０  ０ 哌０ ＃Salsola calluna ０ *０  ０ 哌０ ＃Phymaspemum parv i f olium １０ A７  ２３ 鲻１３ 汉Eriocephalus ericoides ４ *１４  ２４ 鲻１４ 汉W alaf rida saxatilis １０ A１０  ２３ 鲻１４ 汉T rip teris sinuata １６ A２２  ３ 哌１６ 汉Plinthus karooicus １０ A２０  ２０ 鲻１７ 汉Hermannia cunei f olia var glabrescens ５ *２０  ３０ 鲻１８ 汉Pentz ia incana ７２ A７６  ６６ 鲻７１ 汉Nenax microphy lla ７２ A７７  ７９ 鲻７６ 汉Mean rooting per treatment ２０ A２５  ２７ 鲻２４ 汉The rooting percentage of N . microphy lla (７６％ ) and P . incana (７１％ ) , were significantly ( P ＜ ０ .０１) higher than that of theother species , while L . aethiop icum and S . calluna showed no rooting at all . Rooting of the other six species was very poorand varied from １３％ for P . p arv i f olium to １８％ for H . cunei f olia var glabrescens .Conclusions Rooting of N . microphy lla and P . incana , species with a prostrate grow th form , was satisfactory and might beincreased with further refinement of the rooting procedure . L imeum aethiop icum and S . calluna , species with an uprightgrow th form , were at a seed set stage during collection of plant material , which might explain the no rooting at all . As this trialwas conducted during the autumn , it is recommended to be repeated during the other seasons , while the Karoo shrubs are indifferent phenological stages , which might show different results . If rooting is still not increased , other species could be tested .Other concentrations of IBA might also be investigated , as well as different portions of stem used for cuttings and age of stemsused ( Malan & Rethman , ２００１) .ReferencesBurke , A . , (２００５) . Best practice guidelines for minimising impacts on the flora of the Southern Namib . Env iroScience andNamibia Nature Foundation ,Windhoek , ５２pp .Malan , P .J . & Rethman , N .F .G . , ( ２００１ ) . Use of stem cuttings to propagate A trip lex nummularia ( oldman saltbush )vegetatively . Groot f ontein A gric , ３ (１) , ４‐６ .

Rooting of Karoo Shrub Cuttings

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Rooting of Karoo Shrub Cuttings

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