Squella, B. Felipe

Squella, N. Fernando

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress Silvopastoral Sheep and Cattle Production Systems in Pine Forest (Pinus radiata Don.) Located in Subhumid Mediterranean Rangeland of Chile N. Fernando Squella INIA, Chile B. Felipe Squella Universidad del Mar, Chile Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/10-2/5 The XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. 瞯 ]244　 瞯 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅱ 　Grasslands/Rangelands Production Systems——— Integration of Crops , Forage and Forest SystemsSilvopastoral sheep and cattle production systems in pine forest( Pinus radiata Don .) located insubhumid Mediterranean rangeland of ChileFernando Squella N .1 and Felipe Squella B .21 Instituto de Investigaciones A gropecuarias , Casilla 3 , L itueche , Chile . E‐mail : f squella＠ inia .cl ;2 Universidad del Mar ,Escuela de Ciencias A gropecuarias , Carmen 496 , V alparaí so , Chile .Key words :mediterranean rangeland ,silvopastoral ,pine forest ,livestockIntroduction In the last ２５ years , the chilean forest sector has obtained an important development in country rangeland . Theincrease of forest plantations , mainly with radiata pine ( P . radiata) and eucaly p tus ( E . globulus) , is due to the application oflegal procedures and specific technologies for forest promotion . Some forest companies and farmers were considering thealternative of mixed use of pine plantations with livestock .Materials and methods The study was carried out at Hidango Research Field Station ( INIA ) , located in the coastal ranges ofChile (３４° ０６′ S .L . , ７１° ４７′ W .L . , ２９６ m .a .s .l .) , and considered the productive functioning of two silvopastoral systems :Merino sheep ( SSS) : and Hereford cattle ( CSS) , based on radiata pine planted in forest aptitude soils ( V‐VIIe) , between １９８３and １９８４ . The initial plant structure of the selected surfaces ( SSS : ７８ .３ and CSS : １１９ .７ hectares ) , established in １９８６ and１９８８ , was (３ x ３ ) x ６ m (６００ trees/ hectare) and (２ x ３) x ６ m ( ７００ trees/ hectare) , respectively . The SSS operated in fourpaddocks . No １ : subclover and hardingrass pasture (８ .３ hectares) and No ２‐４ : annual Mediterranean pasture (２３ .４ , ２３ .４ and２３ .２ hectares ) , using a deferred‐rotational grazing system , for １４ productive cycles ( february , １９８８ : first mating tonovember , ２００１ : last weaning ) . The CSS was managed in one paddock by using a continuous grazing system , for １１productive cycles , which began with the period of mating : november‐december / weaning : march , １９８８‐１９９０ and ended duringthe period １９９８‐２０００ . Both sites were characterized by the conditions of soils , climate and vegetation . A systematicmeasurement of pasture variables , likes dry matter availability , botanical composition and bare soil , allowed to calculate thetrend of pastoral value . The animals were weighted and the body condition measured . Daily records of births , lamb and calf ,permitted to obtain the rates of birth , fertility , prolificity and weaning . The livestock production ( liveweight and wool) perhectare was annually obtained . The carrying capacity was annually calculated and adjusted according to specific restrictionsimposed by the production systems . The forest was characterized by annual measurements of tree density , total height , trunkdiameter (１ .４０ m) , height of pruning , length and diameter of canopy . At the end , the forest sites were harvested and woodpieces and timber products were recorded ( Squella , ２００７) .Results and Discussion Grazing and trees grow th had the highest impact on botanical composition of pastures . The trend ofpastoral value changed from regular condition (２０ .４ points) to very poor condition (９ .１ points) in SSS , and maintained poor( １４ .２ to １１ .２ points) in the CSS . The average carrying capacity was １ .４７ and １ .５３ sheep equivalent / hectare/ year (６ .２ ewes isequivalent to １ cow ) , respectively . The SSS and CSS produced an average of ３７ .５ and ３３ .５ kg of liveweight / hectare/ year . Thetraditional sheep farm ranged from １ .００ to １ .３２ sheep equivalent / hectare/ year and produce , an average of ２５ kg of liveweight /hectare/ year ( Squella et al . , ２００５ ; Squella et al . , ２００６ ) . The forest was also more productive in the SSS ( ２ ,１１９ inches/hectare) than the CSS (１ ,８７５ inches/ hectare) .Conclusions According to natural conditions and management practices , the livestock cycle persist for １４ years in the SSS and １１years in the CSS . During the study , the SSS was １１ .９ and １３ .０％ more productive in terms of livestock and timber , than CSS .ReferencesSquella , F . ２００７ . Estudio técnico‐productivo de sistemas silvopastorales de producción ovina y bovina en bosques de pino( Pinus radiata Don .)localizados en el secano Mediterráneo subhúmedo de Chile . Tesis Ingeniero A g rónomo . Universidaddel Mar ,Escuela de Ciencias Agropecuarias ,Valparaí so ,Chile . ６２３ p .Squella ,F . ,González ,L . ,Mu鼻oz ,C . ,Pérez P . ,Maino ,M . ,２００５ . Uso de buenas prácticas agrícolas en la producción decarne de cordero por la agricultura familiar campesina de la VI Región de Chile . I . Aspectos productivos . In XXX Reuniónde la Sociedad Chilena de Producción A nimal A .G . ( SOCH IPA ) , １９‐２１ de octubre de ２００５ , Temuco , Chile . p . ２０５‐２０６ .Squella ,F . ,González ,L . ,Chamblás M . ,Valenzuela ,R . ,Navarro ,P . ,２００６ . Aspectos productivos del rubro ovino enpredios de la Agricultura Familiar Campesina de la VI Región de Chile . In X XX I Reunión de la Sociedad Chilena deProducción A nimal A .G . ( SOCHIPA) , １８‐２０ de octubre de ２００６ ,Chillán ,Chile . p . １０７‐１０８ .

Silvopastoral Sheep and Cattle Production Systems in Pine Forest (\u3ci\u3ePinus radiata\u3c/i\u3e Don.) Located in Subhumid Mediterranean Rangeland of Chile

https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3250&amp;context=igc

Silvopastoral Sheep and Cattle Production Systems in Pine Forest (\u3ci\u3ePinus radiata\u3c/i\u3e Don.) Located in Subhumid Mediterranean Rangeland of Chile

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