En, Wu

Morikawa, C. K.

Sugawara, K.

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Symbiosis of Dactylis glomerata L. and Anthoxanthum odoratum L. in an Acidic Pasture Wu En Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China C. K. Morikawa Tokyo University, Japan K. Sugawara Tohoku University, Japan Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/10-2/12 The XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅱ 　 瞯 ]251　 瞯Grasslands/Rangelands Production Systems——— Integration of Crops , Forage and Forest SystemsArbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis of Dactylis glomerata L . and Anthoxanthum odoratum L . inan Acidic pastureWu En1 ,3 , C .K .Morikawa2 , K .Sugawara31 College o f Ecol . and Env . Sci . , Inner Mongolia A gric . Univ . , H uhhot , Inner Mongolia 010018 P .R . o f China ;2 Department o f G lob . A gric . Sci . , Tokyo Univ . , Tokyo 113‐8657 P .R . o f Jap an ; 3 College o f A gric . Sci . , TohokuUniv . , Sendai 981‐0914 P .R . o f Japan . 1 E‐mail :wuen2004＠ 163 .comKey words :Arbuscular mycorrhiza ,specific symbiosis ,D . glomerata ,A . odoratum ,Acidic pastureIntroduction D . glomerata is the main grass on artificial pastures in the north region of Japan . In recent years , most of thosepastures have problems with weeds that decrease the grow th , productivity and quality of the grasses . Among the weeds , A .odoratum is the most widespread weed in the region that is dominated by acid soils . However , the mechanism of dispersion ofthis weed is not known . Many studies showed that clear beneficial effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on grass tolerance to Altoxicity and soil acidity ( Cuenca and Meneses ２００１ ) . Therefore we propose that mycorrhizal symbiosis of both plants mayexplain their relative success in the field . In this study , we investigated the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of D .glomerataand A .odoratum in a strongly acidic artificial pasture .Materials and methods The Field study was conducted in artificial pasture of the College of Agricultural Science of TohokuUniversity , Osaki , Miyagi prefecture , Japan (３８°４５′N ,１４０°４５′E ,elevation ＝ ５８５m) in Oct .２００３ .The used soil was a stronglyacidic Andisol . Samples were randomly collected from ５２ １０m × ２０m plots . The samples of D . glomerata and A . odoratumwere collected from a １０cm ( diameter) × １０cm ( depth) hole in the each plot . The samples included the roots and rhizospheresoil of each plant . The spores were collected from １０g rhizosphere soil of both plants . The number of spores of each samplewere counted and then divided in ６ morphological types . The roots were stained with trypan blue / lactic acid and themycorrhizal colonization ( percentage of root infected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) was calculated using the line‐intersectmethod ( Giovannettti and Mosse １９８０) .Results The frequency of A .odoratum in the study area was much higher than that of D . glomerata . The mycorrhizalcolonization and coverage of A .odoratum were substantially higher than those of D . glomerata ( Table １ ) . The total sporenumber in the rhizosphere of A . odoratum was prominently higher than that of the D . glomerata . The spore density of A .odoratum and D . glomerata were １５ and ４ spores per １０g fresh soil , respectively . Four different morphological types of sporesoccurred in the rhizosphere of A . odoratum and only one morphological type of spore occurred in the rhizosphere of D .glomerata .Table 1 Mycorrhiz al coloniz ation , f requency and coverage o f A .odoratum and D .glomerata in the study area .Plants Mycorrhizal Frequency ( ％ ) Quadrat number with Coverage ( ％ )colonization ( ％ ) dominating plants insampling points ( Percentage ％ )A . odoratum L . ２２ 痧.３ ８４ E.６ (４４ /５２) １８ (３４ 哪.６) ３５ 破.５D . glomerata L . ７ 儋.１ ７ E.７ (４ /５２) ０ 潩０ �.５Conclusions These results indicated that the differences in the spore type , density and the mycorrhizal colonization of thearbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of D . glomerata and A . odoratum in study area may have originated from differences in therelationships between both plants and the associated fungi in the acid soil . We concluded that the low soil pH had a strongeffect on the mycorrhizal symbiosis of D . glomerata , decreasing substantially the fungal species in the rhizosphere of D .glomeratam , and leading to a decreased mycorrhizal colonization , nutrient uptake and tolerance to acidity . On the other hand ,for A .odoratum , the low soil pH did not effect its mycorrhizal symbiosis , nutrient uptake and tolerance to acidity ( Rufyikiri etal . ２００５) , leading to increasing its competitive ability to survive in the acid soil .ReferencesCuenca G .and Meneses E . ２００１ . The presence of aluminum in arbuscular mycorrhizas of Clucia multi f lora exposed toincreased acidity . Plant and Soil , ２３１ : ２３３‐２４１ .Giovannettti M .and Mosse B .１９８０ . An evaluation of techniques for measuring VAM infection in roots . New Phy tologist . ８４ :４８９‐５００ .

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Symbiosis of \u3ci\u3eDactylis glomerata\u3c/i\u3e L. and \u3ci\u3eAnthoxanthum odoratum\u3c/i\u3e L. in an Acidic Pasture

https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3257&amp;context=igc

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Symbiosis of \u3ci\u3eDactylis glomerata\u3c/i\u3e L. and \u3ci\u3eAnthoxanthum odoratum\u3c/i\u3e L. in an Acidic Pasture

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