Aguilar, C.

Briones, I.

Lira, R.

Perez, P.

Quenaya, J.

Squella, Fernando

Toro, P.

Vera, R.

Yutronic, H.

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress Lamb Fattening on Mediterranean‐Like Pastures in Chile versus Olive Oil Cake‐Based Rations C. Aguilar Pontificia Universidad Católica, Chile R. Vera Pontificia Universidad Católica, Chile R. Lira Pontificia Universidad Católica, Chile J. Quenaya Pontificia Universidad Católica, Chile Fernando Squella INIA, Chile See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/9-4/6 The 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. Presenter Information C. Aguilar, R. Vera, R. Lira, J. Quenaya, Fernando Squella, H. Yutronic, P. Toro, P. Perez, and I. Briones This event is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/9-4/6 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅱ 　 瞯 ]173　 瞯Grasslands/Rangelands Production Systems——— Livestock Production SystemsLamb fattening on Mediterranean‐like pastures in Chile versus olive oil cake‐based rationsC . A guilar1 ,R . Vera1 ,R . L ira1 ,J . Quenaya1 ,F . Squella2 ,H . Y utronic1 ,P . Toro1 ,P . Perez 3 ,I . B riones41 Ponti f icia Universidad Católica ,Santiago ,Chile ; E‐mail : daguilag ＠ uc .cl ; . 2 IN IA ,Chile ; 3 Universidad de Chile ,E‐mail : Santiago ,Chile ; 4 FIA ,M inisterio de A gricultura ,Santiago ,ChileKey words : lamb ,fattening ,Chile ,pastures ,olive‐oil cakeIntroduction Mediterranean‐like pastures in Central and South Chile house nearly half of the national sheep population ,dominated by Merino and various crossbreds ,with an important contribution of blackface breeds . A large proportion of thesesheep are managed by small farmers using native pastures with a very small contribution of sown pastures and forages . Thelarge majority of the native grasslands are severely degraded ,and their yield is small and heavily seasonal . Wool and lamb yieldsare therefore small . Cultivation of olives trees for the production of high quality oil is rapidly expanding in the region . Usingthe modern two‐phase extraction ,３‐４ metric tons of residues (�cake") are produced for every ton of oil . These residues areoccasionally composted but most frequently lef t to decompose on the field . This unexhausted cake has a high demand foroxygen ,decomposes slow ly and can contaminate soils and water sources ; nevertheless ,it can be used as an animal feed . Theobjective of the present work was to compare the performance of suckling ,grazing lambs with that of contemporary weanedlambs fed either a control‐or a cake‐based ration .Materials and methods The experiment was conducted from October ２０ to November ２２ ,２００６ ,at the Hidango ExperimentStation of INIA ,Chile ,located in Central Chile ,following an ８‐day adaptation period .Three treatments were compared in a completely randomized design using ３６ Suffolk lambs with an initial age of ８０ days and２５ ± ２ .５ kg initial weight . The three treatments were ( １ ) suckling lambs run with their mothers on a native grassland( GRAZING) ; (２) weaned lambs and fed a control ration ( RATION ) and ( ３ ) weaned lambs fed an olive‐cake based ration( CAKE) . The two latter rations were calculated ,based on table values ,to be approximately isoproteic ( CP) and isoenergetic( ME) and contained ground alfalfa hay ,ground maize ,liquid molasses ,soybean meal ,sodium bicarbonate and a complete mineraland vitamin supplement . The cake replaced the ground alfalfa hay and part of the maize in the corresponding ration . The dietwas offered in slight excess of calculated requirements ,together with long chopped ,medium quality alfalfa hay equivalent to１０％ of the total ration .Ewes and suckling lambs in GRAZING were rotated weekly on a native grassland with an A cacia caven tree story and aherbaceous layer composed of H ypochaeris radicata ( range ２８‐３８％ ) ,T ri f olium sp p . ( １３‐３１％ ) ,T ri f olium subter raneum(１‐４％ ) ,B romus sp . (１３％ ) ,Vulp ia sp . ( ４‐１２％ ) ,Hordeum sp . ( ５‐８％ ) ,Lolium sp . ( ３‐６％ ) ,and traces of other species .Lambs allocated to RATION and CAKE were housed in individual pens ,and were gradually introduced to the respective dietsover an ８ day period . Thereafter ,the amount of feed on offer was adjusted weekly beginning with １０８０ g ( as fed) and endingwith １３００ g in week ４ . All animals were weighed weekly ,prior to the morning feeding . Refusals were collected ,weighed ,driedand sampled daily ,and were pooled weekly for each animal . No health problems were detected . All lambs were slaughtered andthe end of the experimental period and a complete carcass dissection was carried out .Results and discussion Liveweight gains during the experimental period did not differ ( P ＞ ０ .０５ ) between the three treatments .The overall average gain ,calculated by regression of the liveweights on days on experiment amounted to ０ .２７９ kg . day‐１ head‐１ .Nevertheless ,the dry matter intake of the CAKE ration (０ .９９ kg dm .day‐１ .head‐１ ) was significantly less ( P ＜ ０ .０５) than thatof RATION (１ .０７ kg dm .day‐１ .head‐１ ) . These results led to significant differences in the efficiency of the weight gain ,withCAKE being significantly higher than that of RATION ( P ＜ ０ .０５) . The three treatments did not differ ( P ＞ ０ .０５) in terms ofslaughter weight ,carcass weight or chilled carcass weight . The most important significant difference at slaughter was theweight of the full digestive tract ( ７ .２８ ,６ .５２ and ５ .７９ kg for GRAZING ,RATION and CAKE respectively ,P ＜ ０ .０１ ) . Thecommercial yield of the CAKE carcasses was slightly but significantly higher ( P ＜ ０ .００２ ) than that of RATION andGRAZING ,and no significant differences were detected in terms of rib eye area .These results tend to be slightly better in terms of liveweight gains and overall animal performance than those generallyreported in Europe (reviewed by López‐Gallego ,２００３) .Conclusions It is possible to finish fat lambs with a short period of confined feeding using an otherwise little used ,and potentiallycontaminating ,residue of the olive oil industry ,while simultaneously relieving grazing pressure on already degraded nativegrasslands . It remains to be established if the earlier weaning of lambs is reflected on improved reproductive performance of theewe flock .ReferenceLópez‐Gallego ,F . ,２００３ . El alpeorujo en la alimentación de corderos . Badajoz : Universitat de L leida . Doctoral thesis .

Lamb Fattening on Mediterranean‐Like Pastures in Chile versus Olive Oil Cake‐Based Rations

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Lamb Fattening on Mediterranean‐Like Pastures in Chile versus Olive Oil Cake‐Based Rations

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