Pardini, Andrea

Parrini, D.

Tallarico, R.

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress Conversion of a Degraded Urban Area to Golf‐School Course in Central Italy Andrea Pardini University of Florence‐Piazzale Cascine, Italy R. Tallarico University of Florence‐Piazzale Cascine, Italy D. Parrini University of Florence‐Piazzale Cascine, Italy Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/11-1/13 The 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅱ 　 瞯 ]303　 瞯Grasslands/Rangelands Production Systems——— Amenity and Conservation Turf and Turf‐grassConversion of a degraded urban area to golf‐school course in central ItalyPardini A .倡 ,Tallarico R .倡 , Parrini D .倡 倡倡 University o f Florence‐Piaz z ale Cascine 18‐50144 Firenz e ( I ) andrea .pardini＠ uni f i .itKey words : urban rehabilitation ,turf mixtures ,specific contributionIntroduction Degraded industrial areas cause problems of pollution that are dangerous especially in urban and suburbanareas .The high costs of excavation and removal of contaminated waste materials tend to ensure that these areas are lef t unattended inmany regions of the world , including some in Europe . An illegal dump of such materials was identified in Florence between１９８５ and ２０００ , w ith wastes from the building industry ( such as bricks , cement components , tails ) and the home hardwareindustry ( mainly old fridges , washing machines , etc .) . This degraded area became apparent due to a nearby housingdevelopment . Rehabilitated began in ２００１ by a private company , and the entire area was converted into a golf‐school course .This was a high cost effective approach with good long term results .The expansion of green areas such as golf courses can helpto improve the quality of life in many big cities ( Volterrani and Magni , ２００４) .Materials and methods The industrial wastes , over ３ ha , were covered , with ２５‐３５ cm of clayey soil ( clay ４０％ , silt ３５％ , sand２５％ ) derived from construction areas . The soilswere levelled , harrowed and planted in July ２００１ . Mineral fertilizer with １２０‐１２０‐１２０ kg ha‐１ of N‐P２O５‐K２O was applied each year . The plant mixtures comprised : ３０％ Poa p ratensis �Moonlight" ; ２０％P . p ratensis �Brilliant" ; ２０％ Lolium perenne �Citation Fore" ; Festuca rubra spp . T rycophilla�Seabreeze" ; １５％ F . rubraspp . Commutata �Ombretta" . Irrigation was applied at ３ to ４ .８ mm per day according to rainfall and temperatures of theprevious day . The grass was cut when it reached ３ cm , in order to keep turf height at ２ .５ cm . The establishment of the swardwas very good and sport activities have continued since September ２００１ . The botanical composition was analysed from ２００３ to２００７ .Results and discussion Six years after planting ( August ２００７) , the turf continued in a dense state ( table １) , and oversowing wasnecessary only in small patches mostly due to water logging . The average cover in ２００７ was ９７ .５％ and the specificcontributions of the sown species (９５ .８％ ) remained balanced , with Lolium perenne as the most persistent (３７ .５) . T raffic andwalking activities , however , were controlled , and this facilitated the continued good turf conditions on this high clay soil . nksto the presence of little walking and consequently reduced soil compaction .Table 1 Speci f ic contribution o f the sown species , weeds and bare soil in august 2007 .Specific contribution and bare soil ( ％ )Lolium perenne ３７ 潩.５ aPoa p ratensis ２９ 潩.０ bFestuca rubra ２９ 潩.３ bOther ( weeds) １ 唵.７ cBare soil １ 唵.６ cConclusions The quality of the turf has persisted well over ６ years , regardless of the poor soil texture , This is probably possiblebecause walking and soil compaction were limited in a school course . The setting of the area was cheap and the establishmentvery good also from the point of view of the beauty of the sward . The incomes of the enterprise will eventually be reinvested tochange the soil and seed again if soil compaction will affect the turf negatively . This cheap technique can be proposed for easyand quick rehabilitation of degraded urban and suburban areas , however more species should be tested . In Mediterranean areas ,these should include warm season grasses that can help to reduce water needs .ReferencesVolterrani , M . , Magni S . , ２００４ . Species and growing media for sports turfs in Mediterranean area . １st InternationalConference on Turfgrass Management and Science for Sports Fields . Ed . P .A . Nektarios . A cta Hort . ６６１ :３５９‐３６４ .

Conversion of a Degraded Urban Area to Golf‐School Course in Central Italy

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Conversion of a Degraded Urban Area to Golf‐School Course in Central Italy

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