This report updates the Centre for Health Economicsβ time-series of National Health Service (NHS) productivity growth for the period 2015/16 to 2016/17 and reports trends in output, input and productivity since 2004/05. NHS productivity growth is measured by comparing the growth in outputs produced by the NHS to the growth in inputs used to produce them. NHS outputs include all the activities undertaken for NHS patients wherever they are treated in England, and also accounts for changes in the quality of care provided to those patients. NHS inputs include the number of doctors, nurses and support staff providing care, the equipment and clinical supplies used, and the facilities of hospitals and other premises where care is provided