Potes, José Mira

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University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress The Feeding Scheme of Extensive Animal Production Systems in Montado José Mira Potes National Plant Breeding Station, Portugal Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/9-2/3 The 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. 瞯 ]70　 瞯 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅱ 　Grasslands/Rangelands Production Systems——— Livestock Production SystemsThe feeding scheme of extensive animal production systems in �Montado�José Mira PotesNational Plant Breeding Station ,ENMP ,Elvas ,PortugalE‐mail : josemirapotes＠ gmail .comKey words : feeding ,extensive animal production ,systemic‐approach .Introduction The agro‐silvo‐pastoral system known as �Montado" in Portugal and named �Dehesas" in Spain is a characteristicof the landscape was built‐up by Man and maintained for centuries by using natural resources complemented with farmingactivities to support the living of people .Potes et al (２００３) characterized�Montado" as an extensive production ecosystem verywell adapted to the Mediterranean environnements with high levels of biodiversity in animals and plants and mainly based onthree types of plant components : trees ,shrubs and pastures .The traditional management of the ecosystem consists on thecontrol of shrubs and the integration of this operation into a crop rotation system getting a friendly management ofenvironment .The most important contributions of the trees for the productive eco‐system are cork ,as a source for industrialproducts ,fruits and leaves as complements for the complementation of the feeding scheme in extensive animal productionsystems .Materials and methods Feed stuff material is based on natural resources ( pasture ,shrubs and tree products) ,complemented withforage crops .The method used for built up the feeding scheme is seasonal approach :Results and discussion Navas ( ２００６) presented data for the seasonal variation of １ .３５８ kg D .M ./ ha in autumn to ２ .４４４ kg D .M ./ ha in spring with ９ ,５ and １０ ,２ ％ C .P .as an important contribution for carrying capacity of the systems from ２５０ to ３００kg L .W ./ ha/ year .The improvement of pasture production can be increased in C .P .contents by improving ５０％ on legumesfrequency with lime and phosphorus fertilization ( Potes et al ,２００５ ) .All animal species use the fruit of Quercus ssp .but theIberian pig is the more efficient in the conversion into meat products .There are some quimical differences between acorns ofQuercus rotundi f olia L am .and Quercus suber L .but it is an important source of energy for such season with minim content offatty acids required for ex tensive fattening of pigs .Shrubs and leaves of Quercus rotundifolia Lam analyzed when they were usedby animals ( autumn and winter ) are feed stuffs with higher contents of fenolic compounds , ＜ １０％ C .P .mainly as nondisponible forms and useful as a natural resource complement but not as simple feed .As important complement in the feedingscheme is the forage crop included in management activities of Montado .The role of cereals in these forage crops ( autumn/winter grazing and summer consumption of regrouth) was introduced in breeding programs of ENMP and Ma毕本s et al ( ２００６ )presented results of ３ .５４０ kg D .M .for triticales and ３ .８０９ kg D .M .for oats on biomass production in autumn/winter .Afterregrouth these new varieties produced ５ .２７０ kg of grain ,１２ .４２２kg of straw and ３ .３２３ kg of grain ,１４ .４９５ kg of strawrespectively for summer utilization .There are two types of supplements used always if necessary : conserved forages ( morecommon hay than silage) as fibrous material for ruminants and concentrate feeds ( commercial ,grains and by products) mainlyfor young animals and monogastrics .Conclusions The feeding scheme of extensive animal production systems in Mediterranean environnements are based on naturalresources and multifunctionality . New varieties of forage crops are essential for cover seasonal differences or interannualirregularity ; systemic approach is important to improve the use of integrated complements and subsidiary supplements in orderto maximize internal products and minimize external in puts .ReferencesMa毕本s ,B . ,& Potes ,J .２００６ �Importancia dos cereais forrageiros na pecuária extensiva dos sistemas agrosilvopastoris Ibéricos"４th Latin American Congress of Agroforestry for Sustainable Livestock Production ,In press .Navas Ramirez‐Cruzado ,D .R .２００６ .�O Montado sob o ponto de vista da produ毕本o de pastagens" .Ed by M .Espejo Diaz ,M .Martin Bellido ,C .Matos y F .J .Mesias Diaz ,Consejeria de Infraestruturas y Desarrollo Tecnológico ,Junta de Extremadura ,Mérida ,Espanha ,pp .２０１‐２０４ .Potes ,J .& Babo ,H .２００３ �Montado�an old system in the new millennium" .A f rican Journal o f Range & Forage Science ,vol .２０ (２ ) pp .１３１‐１４６ .Potes ,J . ,Babo ,H .& Navas ,D .２００５ �Improvement of the Mediterrannean agro‐silvopastoral system Montado" .Proceedings o fXX International G rassland Congress ( IGC) ,ed .F .O�Mara ,R .Wilkins & Others ,pp ３６７ .

The Feeding Scheme of Extensive Animal Production Systems in Montado

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The Feeding Scheme of Extensive Animal Production Systems in Montado

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