Bakken, A. K.

Höglind, Mats

Jørgensen, M.

Østrem, Liv

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress Effects of Ice Encasement during Winter on Different Cultivars of Phleum pratense and Lolium perenne in Norway M. Jørgensen Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Norway Liv Østrem Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Norway A. K. Bakken Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Norway Mats Höglind Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Norway Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/8-1/47 The 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅰ 　 瞯 ]915　 瞯Grasslands/Rangelands Resources and Ecology ——— Climate Change and Impact on Grasslands/RangelandsEffects of ice encasement during winter on different cultivars of Phleum pratense and Loliumperenne in NorwayM . J宝rgensen１ ,L . 饱 strem２ ,A . K . Bakken３ and M . H迸glind４ . Norwegian Institute f or A gricultural and Env ironmentalResearch (Bio f orsk) １ Holt , T roms宝 ;２ Fureneset , Hellev ik i Fj aler ; ３ K v ithamar ; St j宝rdal ;４ S 辈 rheim , K lep p , Norway , E‐mail :jorgensen＠ bio f orsk .noKey words : ice encasement , frost tolerance , grass , timothy , perennial ryegrassIntroduction Global warming may lead to milder winters at high latitudes ( RegClim ２００５) . Fluctuating temperatures and moreprecipitation can increase the risk of ice encasement , although more research is needed to verify this assumption . Farmers mayin future prefer to grow Lolium perenne ( L .) , which is forage grass more resistant to grazing and frequent cutting than thecurrently used Phleum p ratense ( L .) . P . p ratense is generally very tolerant to ice encasement and probably more so than L .perenne , although there may be variety differences . The aim of this study was to compare the tolerance of different cultivars ofP . p ratense and Lolium perenne to ice encasement .Materials and methods Two varieties of P . p ratense ( Engmo , Grindstad) and two of L . perenne ( Riikka , Gunne) were springsown in a field at Holt , T roms宝 , Norway ( ６９ .６５°N , １８ .９１°E) . At the end of autumn , turfs were dug out , put in grow thcontainers and placed to form a dense sward . Single tillers from all varieties were sampled during winter for determination of iceencasement tolerance ( LD５０ ) and frost tolerance ( LT５０ ) ; ( LD５０ , ＝ No of days required to kill ５０％ of tillers encapsulated inice and stored in darkness at ‐２ ℃ , and LT５０ ＝ Temperature needed for killing ５０％ of the tiller population) ( Larsen , １９７８ ;Gudleifsson and Bj rnsson , １９８９) .Table 1 Tolerance to ice encasement ( LD５０ , days ) duringw inter ０６‐０７ .P . p ratense L . perenneMonth Engmo Grindstad Riikka GunneNov ＞ ４４  ＞ ４４ 热２０ P１４ �Jan ＞ ６３  ４６ 殮＞ ２１ �１５Mar 倡 ３２ 殮１７ P１１ �Not possible to estimate — data does not follow the expected curveTable 2 Frost tolerance (L T５０ ,℃ ) during w inter０６‐０７ .P . p ratense L . perenneMonth Engmo Grindstad Riikka GunneNov ＜ － ２１ ,１ － １９ 刎.７ ＜ － １７ 腚＜ － １７Jan － ２５ ".９ － １９ 刎.８ － １８ 弿.５ － １５ 揪.８Mar － １９ ".２ － １４ 刎.９ － １６ 弿.８ － １２ 祆　 　 　 　 Figure 1 Mean monthly air ( ▲ ) and at ground( ● ) temperatures , and p recip itation f rom localweather station .Results and discussion The tolerance to ice encasement wasmuch higher in P . p ratense than in L . perenne ( Table１) . There was a high correlation between tolerance tofrost and to ice encasement ( Table １ and ２ ) . The morewinter hardy P . p ratense variety Engmo was more frosttolerant and had a much higher tolerance to ice encasementthan Grindstad , whereas Riikka was somewhat moretolerant than Gunne ( Table １ and ２) . Both LD５０ and LT５０increased from November to January , but then decreasedin March . At the same time the ambient mean monthlytemperature increased from ‐５ .７ ℃ in February to １ .５ ℃in March ( Figure １) .Conclusion L . perenne is more susceptible to iceencasement than P . p ratense . Varieties that are morefrost tolerant also tend to sustain longer periods of iceencasement . More detailed climate scenarios are needed to predict the risk of ice encasement in the future .ReferencesGudleifsson , B . , Bj迸rnsson , H . , １９８９ . Methods for estimating ice encasement tolerance of grasses in the laboratory .Icelandic A gricultural Sciences ２ , ９９‐１０３ .Larsen , A . , １９７８ . Freezing tolerance in grasses . Methods for testing in controlled environments . Meld . Norges Landbrukshgskole ５７ , ５６pp .RegClim . ２００５ . Norges klima om １００狈r . Usikkerhet og 宝kt risiko . ( In Norwegian) . http :/ / regclim .met .no .15 300 12 f.) 9 8 '-' 6 2007 200 8 I-, " 2 0 " 3 ·.;::, !-, '-' -~ 0. E 0 0. ~ 100 g -3 !-, ~ -6 ~ 0 May .Tun Jul Aug Sep Oc tNov Dec Jan F eb Ma r Apr 

Effects of Ice Encasement during Winter on Different Cultivars of \u3cem\u3ePhleum pratense\u3c/em\u3e and \u3cem\u3eLolium perenne\u3c/em\u3e in Norway

https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2969&amp;context=igc

Effects of Ice Encasement during Winter on Different Cultivars of \u3cem\u3ePhleum pratense\u3c/em\u3e and \u3cem\u3eLolium perenne\u3c/em\u3e in Norway

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