Baasanjalbuu, Bayaraa

Hirano, A.

Narangerel, L.

Pagmaa, D.

Shimoda, Katsuhisa

Shindo, K.

Togtokhbayar, N.

Toriyama, K.

Yamasaki, Seishi

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress Impact of Grazing Densities, Animal Types, Supplemental Feedings on Forest‐Steppe Pasture Seishi Yamasaki Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Japan Katsuhisa Shimoda Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Japan Bayaraa Baasanjalbuu Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Japan L. Narangerel Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Japan D. Pagmaa Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Japan See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/3-2/45 The 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. Presenter Information Seishi Yamasaki, Katsuhisa Shimoda, Bayaraa Baasanjalbuu, L. Narangerel, D. Pagmaa, A. Hirano, K. Shindo, N. Togtokhbayar, and K. Toriyama This event is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/3-2/45 瞯 ]528　 瞯 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅰ 　Grasslands/Rangelands Resources and Ecology ——— Soil‐Plant‐Animal InterrelationshipsImpact of grazing densities , animal types , supplemental feedings on forest‐steppe pastureS .Y amasaki , K .Shimoda , B .Baasanj albuu , L .Narangerel , D .Pagmaa , A .H irano , K .Shindo , N .Togtokhbayar , K .ToriyamaA nimal Production and G rassland Div ision , Japan International Research Center f or A gricultural Sciences ( J IRCA S ) ,Tsukuba 305‐8686 , Jap an . E‐mail : sshymsk＠ j ircas .af f rc .go .j pKey words : A rtemisia f rigida , grazing pressure , herbage consumption , pasture degradation , Stipa kry lov iiIntroduction The pastoral livestock production system carried on in natural open pastures in Mongolia has played a crucial rolein the domestic economy . Socio‐economic reform included the introduction of a market economy , which was accelerated in theearly １９９０s , exerted a large influence on the system : the livestock population continued to increase ; it reached historical high３２ .９ million in １９９８ ; and the number of herders continued to increase in the １９９０s . In the course of the changing , excessivegrazing in natural pastures especially in and around centers was alarming as herders and livestock were more denselyconcentrated there than in other areas ( Enkhamgalan , １９９５ ) . These situations , which have continued until today , maydemonstrate the decreasing sustainability of the production system . Then , JIRCAS and Mongolian State University ofAgriculture have been conducting a project entitled �Development of a Sustainable Agro‐Pastoral System in the Dry Areas ofNortheast Asia ( Apr ２００６‐Mar ２０１１ ) " to solve conflicting problems , such as pasture conservation , and increasing ormaintaining the herders摧 income . An experiment was started in/ nearby the animal and human population center . This paperintroduces the experiment , and some of its first‐year results are presented .Material and methods The experiment was conducted between ３１ May and ９ Oct , ２００７ at Bornuur district ( N４８°４１′ , E１０６°１５′) , Tuv prefecture of Mongolia , where the vegetative type is forest‐steppe . It is during this time of year that many of herdersmove their habitation from the winter‐spring to the summer‐autumn camp site . A gently sloped , but flat , land with an area ofnearly ３０ ha was chosen for the experiment . Stip a kry lov ii , A rtemisia f rigida were dominant uniformly at the site . Twenty‐three ha of the area was fenced using cement and tree poles , and barbed wire ; then the area was divided into nine paddocksusing the same materials as follows : one cattle paddock (８ ha , C) , one goat paddock (１ .８ ha , G) , six sheep paddocks (１ ha ,SH ; ４ ha , SL ; and four paddocks of ２ ha , SE , SM , S０ .５ and S１ .０) and one no grazing paddock (C０ ) . Four cattle , six goatsand six sheep with an average initial bodyweight ( BW) of ２２０ .６ ( standard deviation ( STD) , １５ .３ ) , ２８ .９ (１ .９) and ３６ .６ (３ .０) , respectively , grazed in each of paddocks . The sheep in S０ .５ and S１ .０ were supplementary fed wheat bran in the amount of０ .５％ and １ .０％ /BW/d , respectively . The cattle were weighed every month , and the sheep and goats were weighed weekly .All animals were weighed at the end of the experiment . The SE was divided into １０ paddocks using electric fences , and theanimals were rotated every week . The apparent herbage consumption by the SE sheep was determined by calculating thedifference between the pre‐and post‐grazing herbage masses . The amount was also measured by the protect cage method in theC , G , SM and S０ .５ every month and at the end of the experiment . A vegetation survey measuring plant height , coverage , etc .was performed at １０ fixed locations (１００cm × １００cm) in each of the fenced areas and outside of them , from １ to ４ August , todetermine the successive changing of the pastures with the different grazing treatments .Results Stip a sp p . and A rtemisia sp p . occupied a high proportion of the total consumption during the experiment ( Table １ ) .The apparent herbage consumption increased during the course of the seasons ( Table ２ ) . And , A rtemisia sp p . , which areconsidered indicative of pasture degradation , were eaten by sheep , irrespective of the season . The average final BW of the sheepin each paddock was ４０ .３ ( SH ) , ４２ .２ ( SM ) , ４４ .４ ( SL ) , ４５ .８ ( S０ .５ ) and ４４ .１ ( S１ .０ ) , respectively . No significantdifferences were found to result from the effect of grazing density ( pooled STD ＝ ３ .１８５ ; P＝ ０ .１２０) and supplemental feeding(２ .８０３ ; ０ .１２１) , though there were differences in the magnitudes .Table 1 Herbage Production and consump tion duringthe ex perimental period in 2007 , kgDM / ha .Stipasp p .A rtemisiasp p . Others TotalConsumption ３２８  .３ ２９６ 抖.８ １３０ O.２ ７５５ 煙.３Remain (９ Oct) ５ 镲.７ ５ 垐.４ １ !.８ １２ .８Production ３３４  .０ ３０２ 抖.２ １３２ O.０ ７６８ 煙.１Table 2 Herbage consump tion by seasons in 2007 , kgDM /100kgBW / d .S tip asp p .A rtemisiasp p . Others TotalJun １  .０７ ０ 栽.８４ ０ è.７６ ２ #.６６Jul ２  .０９ １ 栽.９６ １ è.２４ ５ #.２９Aug ０  .６７ ２ 栽.４２ １ è.２４ ４ #.３２Sep ４  .３４ ２ 栽.１８ ０ è.２２ ６ #.７４Oct ３  .１２ ２ 栽.９３ ０ è.９９ ７ #.０５We will continue this experiment until ２０１０ , and the data in the first and following years would be presented later on . The datais expected to be a basic data to contribute to improve the pastoral livestock production system in the region .ReferenceEnkhamgalan , A . (１９９５) . The essential problems of Mongolian pastoral reform . Land Reform . １１９‐１２４ .

Impact of Grazing Densities, Animal Types, Supplemental Feedings on Forest‐Steppe Pasture

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Impact of Grazing Densities, Animal Types, Supplemental Feedings on Forest‐Steppe Pasture

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