Dear, B. S.

Hayes, Richard C.

Li, Guangdi

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress Alternative Perennial Legumes on Acid Soils in Southern New South Wales, Australia Guangdi Li EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Australia Richard C. Hayes EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Australia B. S. Dear EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Australia Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/3-2/28 The 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅰ 　 瞯 ]511　 瞯Grasslands/Rangelands Resources and Ecology ——— Soil‐Plant‐Animal InterrelationshipsAlternative perennial legumes on acid soils in southern New South Wales , AustraliaG . D . L i , R . C . H ayes and B . S . DearE H Graham Centre f or A gricultural Innovation , W agga W agga A gricultural Institute , PMB , W agga W agga , NSW2650 , A ustralia . E‐mail , guangdi .li＠ dp i .nsw .gov .auKey words : herbage yield , frequency , persistence , farming systemIntroduction Farming systems in southern NSW have traditionally relied on annual pasture legumes in phased rotation withcrops to act as a disease break , restore soil fertility and soil structure and provide high quality feed for livestock . Lucerne( Medicago sativ a L .) is the most widely grown perennial legume in the mixed farming system due to its high nutritive value toanimals and its ability to fix nitrogen . However , lucerne is unable to grow on acid soils , or poorly drained soils , or in areaswhere grazing is not well controlled . Alternative perennial legumes are needed to incorporate into phased farming systems toincrease profitability and achieve sustainability .Materials and methods Twenty �best‐bet" perennial legume species/ accessions ( entries , Table １ ) were selected based onprevious work on acid soil and waterlogged soil ( Li et al . ２００７) and evaluated at Berremangra ( ３４°４６′０７″S , １４８°２７′０６″E , alt３４２ m) near Bookham in New South Wales , Australia . The long‐term annual rainfall is ６６７ mm . Soil type is a dermosol ( Isbell１９９６) w ith pHCa ４ .７ at ０‐５ cm and ４ .５ at １０‐２０ cm . The exchangeable Al was ５％ and １３ .２％ for ０‐５ cm and ５‐１０ cm ,respectively . Seedling numbers at establishment , herbage yield and plant frequency were measured in ２００５‐２００７ .Results The site was highly acidic with a short period of waterlogging in winter during wet year . When established in ２００５ , thesite received above average rainfall , followed by ２ years of drought with less than half the long term average rainfall . TwoLotus corniculatus accessions ( Goldie and composite ) and T ri f olium uni f lorum demonstrated superior persistence andproductivity ( Figure １) . T ri f olium uni f lorum was the only species with a satisfactory ground cover ( frequency of １６ .３％ ) inthe third autumn af ter two years of drought ( data not shown) . Lotus tenuis and T . f ragi f erum SA４２９５１ had moderately highfrequency , but very low herbage yield . The soil was too acid for lucerne to survive .　 　 Figure 1 Relationship between p lantf requency and herbage yield f or sownspecies in year 2 . Entry numbers f oreach point correspond to the IDnumbers given in Table 1 . Dottedlines indicate the 5 highest rankedentries either to the right o f thevertical line or above the horizontalline .Table 1 Perennial legume species evaluated at Berremangra near Bookham , NewSouth W ales in 2005‐2007 .ID Species ID Species１ 腚Cullen australasicum SA４９６６ 鞍１１  Medicago sativ a cv . A urora２ 腚C . tenax SA３５７７８ g１２  M . sativ a caerulea SA３８０５２ 构３ 腚Dorycnium hirsutum SA３３７１７ 缮１３  M . sativ a f alcata composite４ 腚D . pentaphyllum composite 倡 １４  M . sativ a SA３８０８２ *５ 腚Hedysarum boutigynanum SA１３２６５ }１５  M . su f f ruticosa SA６５２９ Q６ 腚Lotus corniculatus Composite １６  Onobrychis v icii f olia cv . Othello７ 腚L . corniculatus cv . Goldie １７  Securigeria varia SA１７００２ 憫８ 腚L . corniculatus cv . Stead f ast １８  T ri f olium f ragi f erum SA３８０７６ ;９ 腚L . cy tisoides SA１２９５１ 珑１９  T . f ragi f erum SA４２９５１ U１０ �L . tenuis composite ２０  T . uni f lorum composite倡 Composites represent ２‐４ accessions selected to represent the variation within a species .Conclusions Lotus corniculatus Goldie was the most productive cultivar with thegreatest persistence that is suitable for the hostile environment tested . Further breeding / selection work is needed to improveflowering and seed set in the low latitude areas due to short day length . T ri f olium uni f lorum may be useful to provide groundcover in sloping landscapes to protect against soil erosion , and as a perennial legume component in perennial grass or annualpasture mixtures for intensive grazing enterprises . But seed harvest of this species would be very difficult due to its veryprostrate grow th habit .ReferencesIsbell , R .F . , (１９９６) . The Australian soil classification . Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing .Li , G .D . , Lodge , G .M . , Moore , G .A . , Craig , A .D . , Dear , B .S . , Boschma , S .P . , Albertsen , T .O . , Miller , S .M . ,Harden , S . , Hayes , R .C . , Hughes , S .J . , Snowball , R . , Smith , A .B . , Cullis , B .C . ( ２００７ ) . Evaluation of perennialpasture legumes and herbs to identify species with high herbage production and persistence in mixed farming zones in southernAustralia . A ustralian Journal o f Ex perimental A griculture ４７ (１２) : In press .2500 ~--------------~ ., 2000 .c c, =- 1500 "O ~ 1000 •6 • 18 • 10 • 11 -500 ~--~--~-~~--~--~ 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 Plant frequency(%) 

Alternative Perennial Legumes on Acid Soils in Southern New South Wales, Australia

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Alternative Perennial Legumes on Acid Soils in Southern New South Wales, Australia

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