Idota, Sachiko

Ishii, Yasuyuki

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress Yield Trends and Soil Mineral Changes in Three Summer Winter Forage Cropping Systems for 5 Consecutive Years in Southern Kyushu, Japan Sachiko Idota University of Miyazaki, Japan Yasuyuki Ishii University of Miyazaki, Japan Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/2-1/13 The 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. 瞯 ]308　 瞯 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅰ 　Grasslands/Rangelands Resources and Ecology ——— Soil Quality and Plant NutritionYield trends and soil mineral changes in three summer winter forage cropping systems for 5consecutive years in southern Kyushu , JapanS . Idota 倡 and Y . IshiiDiv ision o f G rassland Science , Faculty o f A griculture , University o f M iyaz aki 889‐2192 , Japan倡 E‐mail : sidota＠ cc .miyaz aki‐u .ac .j pKey words : cropping system , forage crops , mineral balance , yieldIntroduction Mineral balance between plants and soil to which fertilizer is applied is important in a sustainable agriculture( Haynes and Naidu , １９９８) , especially on unfavorable soil conditions . Cropping systems are chosen based on considerations ofcrop yield , soil physical and chemical properties and climatic conditions . Summer crops of maize ( Zea mays L . : M ) andsorghum ( Sorghum bicolor Moench : S) and a winter crop of Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multi f lorum Lam . : IR) are major foragecrops in southern Kyushu of Japan . This study tested three cropping systems typical to the region ( double cropping of M andIR ( M‐IR) , double cropping of S and IR ( S‐IR) , and double cropping of maize ( M‐M ) for ５ consecutive years for theirperformance in yield and mineral balance on the non‐fertile , poorly permeable heavy soil .Materials and methods Field experiments were conducted based on the standard regional cultivation under the heavy soil andthree different summer‐winter forage cropping systems were examined for ５ years ( May ２００１‐April ２００６ ) . Samples of allplants , divided into each plant organ , were oven‐dried to determine dry matter yield . Total nitrogen ( TN) of plant and soil wasanalyzed by Indophenol method . The TN balance was calculated as input in fertilizer minus output in harvested crop .Results and discussion Annual dry matter yield of three cropping systems on the heavy soil is shown in Table １ . The annualvariation of herbage yields of summer crops ( ５２ .８％ and ５４ .４％ in M and S , respectively ) was greater than that of wintercrop , IR (２３ .１％ ) . Low yields of summer crops were associated with frequent typhoons and heavy rainfalls . Consequently , inM‐IR and S‐IR , incorporation of IR into the cropping system decreased the year‐to‐year variability in herbage yield ( ３１ .２ and４８ .３％ , respectively ) . In TN balance , the input in fertilizer was larger than the outputs in herbage for all cropping systems( Figure １) . Thus , TN content of soil increased in the fif th year , except for M‐M . The TN balance of summer crops ( M and S)decreased from the first year to the fif th year due to the increase in yield and TN content of crops .Table 1 A nnual dry matter y ield ( kg /m２ ) o f ３ crop p ingsystems on the heav y soil .Year M － IR S － IR M －M２００１ － ２００２ �２ 枛.１３ ２ L.０６ １ }.９０２００２ － ２００３ �１ 枛.５６ － ２ \.４３ 倡２００３ － ２００４ �１ 枛.６０ １ L.８１ １ }.５０２００４ － ２００５ �０ 枛.９０ － ０ }.７７２００５ － ２００６ �２ 枛.４９ ２ L.１２ １ }.３６Mean １ 枛.７４ １ L.５６ (１ A.５９) 倡 倡SD ０ 枛.５４ ０ L.７６ (０ A.５５) 倡 倡CV ( ％ ) 倡 倡 倡 ３１ 哪.２ ４８ z.３ (３４ o.８) 倡 倡倡 M‐IR , 倡倡 Excluding data in ２００２‐２００３ , 倡倡倡 Coefficient of variation .Figure 1 TN balance and TN contents o f soil( TN soil ) in ３ crop p ing systems on the heav y soil .Conclusions The results confirm the relatively low productivity on the heavy soil and show the advantage of combining a wintercrop with a summer crop for stabilizing annual herbage production on the heavy soil in southern Kyushu . Even in the heavysoil , consecutive cropping might contribute to increase the soil fertility and yield of summer crops , and to reduce the mineralbalance remained in the soil environment .ReferenceHaynes , R .J . , Naidu R . , １９９８ . Influence of lime , fertilizer and manure applications on soil organic matter content and soilphysical conditions : a review . Nutrient Cycling in A groecosystems ５１ , １２３‐１３７ .80 60 N 40 E ell 20 ::=, 0 z I- -20 -40 -60 0.3 0.2 0.1 1st I 1st I 1st I 0 0 5th 5th 5th M-IR S-IR M-M Cropping system and year of cultivation □ Input □ Output ■ Balance o TN (%) ~ 0 ·-g z I-

Yield Trends and Soil Mineral Changes in Three Summer Winter Forage Cropping Systems for 5 Consecutive Years in Southern Kyushu, Japan

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Yield Trends and Soil Mineral Changes in Three Summer Winter Forage Cropping Systems for 5 Consecutive Years in Southern Kyushu, Japan

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