de Almeida Moreira, Fernando

Godoy, Rodolfo

Menezes Santos, Patrícia

Santos Bacchi, Osny Oliveira

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress Root Development of Three Commercial Forage Pigeon‐Pea Cultivars in Artificially Compacted Soil Rodolfo Godoy EMBRAPA, Brazil Osny Oliveira Santos Bacchi Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil Patrícia Menezes Santos EMBRAPA, Brazil Fernando de Almeida Moreira Unipasto, Brazil Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/2-1/11 The 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. 瞯 ]306　 瞯 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅰ 　Grasslands/Rangelands Resources and Ecology ——— Soil Quality and Plant NutritionRoot development of three commercial forage pigeon‐pea cultivars in artificially compacted soilRodol f o Godoy 1 , Osny Oliveira Santos Bacchi2 , Patrícia Menezes Santos1 and Fernando de A lmeida Moreira31 Embrapa Pecu被ria Sudeste , Caixa Postal 339 , 13560‐970‐S本o Carlos‐SP , Braz il . E‐mail : godoy＠ cp pse .embrap a .br ,2 Centro de Energia Nuclear na A gricultura‐CENA /USP , Caixa Postal 96 , 13400‐970‐Piracicaba , SP , Braz il . E‐mail :osny＠ cena .usp .br3 Unipasto‐STN‐K‐Sala 11‐Ed . Montreal I I‐70770‐100‐Brasí lia , DF , Braz il E‐mail :unip asto＠ unipasto .com .brKey words : Caj anus caj an , soil compactation , decompactationIntroduction Soil compaction is an increasing problem in Brazil and the use of appropriate species for soil decompaction is themost practical and economical way to face this problem . Among these species , pigeon‐pea plays an important role due to thecapacity of its roots to penetrate highly compacted soil layers ( Camargo & Alleoni , １９９７ ) . Observations in a pigeon‐pea linecollection showed that there are differences among them in that capacity . To test pigeon‐pea lines to this characteristic , it isnecessary to select a control , among the available commercial cultivars . The purpose of this work was to select the mostefficient commercial forage pigeon‐pea cultivar to penetrate compacted soil layers , to serve as a control in the process ofselecting pure lines .Materials and methods Seeds of three commercial forage pigeon‐pea cultivars , An本o , Caqui and Fava Larga , were planted inPVC tubes containing ３０ mm layers of vermiculite , compacted clay and vermiculite , in two randomized block design with fourreplications experiments in a greenhouse . Nine pre germinated seeds were planted in each １４３ mm diameter tube . The soil wascompacted to three calculated density levels : １ .０ , １ .４ and １ .５ g / dm３ in the first experiment and in the second experiment , totwo levels , １ .４ and １ .５ g / cm３ . Plants were irrigated according to the average water loss . After three weeks in the firstexperiment and two in the second , it was determined the dry mass of the aerial parts of the plans , of the roots in the uppervermiculite layer , in the compacted soil layer and in the lower vermiculite layer . Sample tubes without plants were prepared andhad their weight periodically determined to estimate the water loss . Soil resistance to penetration in the compacted layer wasalso determined , in the second experiment , using a digital laboratory penetrometer .Results Root dry mass in the compacted soil layer was the main used criteria . In the first experiment , no significant interactionwas found between cultivars and soil density . The average root dry mass found was ７２ .５ mg , ７３ .８ mg and ６９ .７ mg forcultivars An本o , Caqui and Fava Larga , respectively , without any statistically significant difference . A root mass significantreduction (Duncan , p ＜ ０ .０５) was found for the １ .５ g / cm３ density ( ５２畅０ mg) against the １畅０ g / cm３ density ( ８８畅８ mg) andthe １ .４ g / cm３ density (７５畅３ mg) .In the second experiment , monitoring soil penetration resistance showed an increasing tendency for both soil densities ( Figure１) , indicating that probably the soil water content was reducing . No statistical difference was found for the soil densities or forthe root dry mass in the compacted layer . However , in this case , the Fava Larga cultivar ( ３０ .４ mg) yielded １９％ more thanCaqui (２５ .５ mg) and ２７％ more than An本o (２０ .０ mg) .Conclusions The three forage commercial pigeon‐pea cultivars had potential for soil decompaction , since all of them were able toproduce roots in the compacted soil layer . Cultivar Fava Larga was selected for its performance in the second experiment and forthe fact that presently is the most used pigeon‐pea cultivar .ReferenceCamargo , OC . , ALLEONI , LRF (１９９７) Compacta毕本o do solo e o desenvolvimento das plantas . Piracicaba . １３２ p .Mean penetration resistance for two soil densities -· .. Days after planting 4 g/cm ' ~ 1 6 g/cm' 

Root Development of Three Commercial Forage Pigeon‐Pea Cultivars in Artificially Compacted Soil

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Root Development of Three Commercial Forage Pigeon‐Pea Cultivars in Artificially Compacted Soil

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