Cassidy, T

Chen, CY

Cheung, TLV

Li, D

White Rose Research Online

This is a repository copy of Effects of colour and emotion in illustration.White Rose Research Online URL for this paper:http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/81209/Version: Published VersionProceedings Paper:Chen, CY, Li, D, Cassidy, T et al. (1 more author) (2013) Effects of colour and emotion in illustration. In: MacDonald, L, Westland, S and Wuerger, S, (eds.) Proceedings of AIC Colour 2013: Twelfth Congress of the International Color Association. AIC Colour 2013: Twelfth Congress of the International Color Association, 8-12 July 2013, Newcastle-Gateshead, UK. The Colour Group (Great Britain) , 881 - 884. ISBN 9780901623027 eprints@whiterose.ac.ukhttps://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. 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AIC2013 – 12th International AIC Congress 881poster session oneEffects of Colour and Emotion in IllustrationChung-Yun CHEN, Dian LI, Tom CASSIDY and Vien CHEUNG School of Design, University of LeedsABSTRACTColour and illustration have intimate and indiscrete inluence to our experience. Under-standing the associations, symbolic meanings and emotional impact of colour is important for creating successful illustration. To create a resonance illustration, in particular, colour plays an important role in emphasising the atmosphere and enabling the story to be coherent. More often, colour is used to enhance the expression of emotional feelings such as excite-ment, happiness and calmness. This enhancement can help the illustration elements to be more memorable or impressive and, hence, effectively increase the readers’ engagements to the story. This study aimed to create a story using illustration book to relect the loneliness phenomenon in modern urban cities. The story comprised of a main character who lives in a city with rapid changes for urbanisation. The challenge of this study was to demonstrate the behaviours and emotional expressions through illustrations with limited text. Changes of the character’s colour were made with the intention to emphasise the emotion of the characters in illustration from being passionate to be discouraged. 1. INTRODUCTION“The visual image is supreme in its capacity for arousal” (Gombrich 1972 cited in Nodel-man 1988 p.4). Nowadays, as the huge amount of images from mass media increases the acceptance and the needs of images for people, illustration becomes not only an accesory to texts, but also a common way to present social issues in our daily lives. Many mature read-ers are in favour of the concept of illustration books. The requirement of mature readers is not only to obtain one-way information from books; it is also necessary to enable resonance for the readers. Illustrated book is a suitable communication tool for the illustrator to relect current issues of the society. Colours evoke meanings and emotions. Various colours have a psychological effect and culturally we can associate emotions and properties to objects sim-ply by virtue of their colour (Gage 2000). Lusher identiied blue as the most widely preferred colour among Europeans in which it is seen to be concertric, passive, sensitive, perceptive and unifying, and thus to express tranquility and tenderness (Lusher 1940 cited in Gage 2000). However, the colour emotions of orange-red, for example, is opposite to blue; it can be associated with eccentric, active, offensive, aggressive, autonomous and competitive, and hence expressive of desire and domination.The inal outcome of this study is an illustration book that is to describe the status quo of the metropolis issue and depict the external behaviour of the innermost depths of humans. Therefore, the study was undertaken in order to understand the alienation and loneliness to analyses this phenomenon from the perspective of psychology-psychological projection. In this study, the overall goal is to clarify the relationship between association, symbolic meanings and emotion impact applied in illustration. Changes of the character’s colour were made with the intention to emphasise the emotion of the character in illustration from being passionate to be discouraged.882 AIC2013 – 12th International AIC Congress poster session one 2. METHOD2.1 Collection of emotion descriptors for urbanitesA review of 15 published illustration stories in the area of lifestyles was carried out with particular attention to the use of colour associations, symbolisms and emotion expressions. Twenty participants – who live in urban cities alone, are single and aged 23-35 – were formed to each provide 3 emotion descriptors for urbanites. 2.2 Connections between emotion descriptors and coloursThe same group of 20 participants were further asked to assign a Natural Color System (NCS) colour, as shown in Figure 1, to best represent each of the descriptors they have given.Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the Natural Color System (NCS) colours  (reproduced from NCS, 2013).3. RESULTS AND DVISCUSSIONThe most 12 popular emotion descriptors collected from the 20 participants are listed in Table 1. Furthermore, Table 2 reveals that the result of colour matching with emotion de-scriptors based on NCS.  AIC2013 – 12th International AIC Congress 883poster session oneTable 1: Top 12 emotion descriptors collected from the 20 participants.Touchy Aggressive Excitable Active Outgoing LeadershipCalm Reliable Thoughtful Passive Quiet AnxiousTable 2: Emotion descriptors and their corresponding NCS colours selected from the 20 participants (number of responses is printed in bracket).Emotion descriptors NCS coloursTouchy Y (8) Y40R (8) Y80R (4)Aggressive Y80R (8) R (4) R10B (8)Excitable Y60R (12) Y70R (4) Y80R (4)Active Y90R (15) R (5)Outgoing Y60R (7) Y80R (3) R10B (10)Leadership R10B (10) R90B (10)Calm R80B (5) R90B (7) B (5) B20G (2) B30G (1)Reliable R70B (5) R80B (7) B50G (8)Thoughtful Y10R (3) Y40R (5) B70G (7) G (5)Passive B (7) B70G (5) B90G (8)Quiet R70B (3) R90B (7) B50G (2) G10Y (8)Anxious Y30R (2) Y60R (8) R (8) G80Y (2)Figure 2: Example pages of applying colour to express emotions in the illustration work.884 AIC2013 – 12th International AIC Congress poster session one Through the study of social psychology, personality theory, the method to emphasised the atmosphere is based on colour emotions as mentioned above. The colours of character are changing with the main character’s emotion from warm colour (red) to cool colour (blue and black). Even though all of the colours might includes both positive and negative meanings, based on the result obtained from the focus group’s responses, the colour yellow and red at-tained a number of positive emotions such as active, passion and excitable which can associ-ated happiness and hopefulness. During the alienation atmosphere in urban area, the feeling of isolation makes the main character stressful and disappointed. The inal outcome of this study was a story book with 20 pages of illustrations. Figure 2 shows some example pages of the storyboard. The use of yellow and orange of the main character intended to illustrate the positive and optimistic personality. The proportion of vivid colours decreased with the story developed and gradually turned into dark when the character’s emotions inluenced by the surrounding loneliness phenomenon. The correlation with colours and emotions can emphasise a stronger image impression to allow a coherent story without narratives. 4. CONCLUSIONSThis study is concerned with alienation issues and illustration expressions. The inal out-come is a 20-page illustrated book with hand drawings. The characters are designed to have an urbanite look with untouchable appearance without facial features. The main character is designed to appear in vivid colour at the beginning of the story; however, whilst experienc-ing changes in the city, the colours on main character becomes duller and darker with the story developed. The story shows how the atmosphere in an environment affects people. Hence, colour emotion can be apparent in how people associate colours with feelings, per-sonalities or environment. REFERENCESHard, A. and L. Sivik 1981. NCS-Natural Color System: A Swedish Standard for Color No-tation, Color Research and Application 6(3) 129-138.Nodelman, P. 1988. Words About Pictures: The Narrative Art of Children’s Picture Books, Athens: The University of Georgia Press.Gage, J. 2000. Color and Meaning: Art, Science, and Symbolism, University of California Press.NCS 2013. Natural Color System, http://www.ncscolour.com/en/ [last accessed: 8 May 2013]                                            Address: Chung-Yun Chen, School of Design, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK                                                               E-mails: ml10c2yc@leeds.ac.uk, texdl@leeds.ac.uk, t.cassidy@leeds.ac.uk, t.l.v.cheung@leeds.ac.uk AIC2013 – 12th International AIC Congress 885poster session oneColours of Luminescent Glasses for ArtworksAndreia RUIVO,1,2 Teresa ALMEIDA,1,3 Fernando QUINTAS,1,4 Robert WILEY,1  Magda TROEIRA,1 Nuno PAULINO,5 César A.T. LAIA,2 Carlos A. QUEIROZ,1  António PIRES de MATOS11 Vicarte, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa  2 Requimte, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa 3 i2ads, Faculdade de Belas-Artes, Universidade do Porto  4 Faculdade de Belas-Artes, Universidade de Lisboa 5 DEE-FCT-UNL/CTS-UNINOVA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de LisboaABSTRACTLanthanide ions display intense photoluminescence under UV light. When incorporated in glass they are used not only in technological applications, but in artworks as well. Lumines-cent glasses with compositions similar to those used in utilitarian, decorative and architec-tural applications, doped with small amounts of several lanthanide oxides, namely europium, terbium, cerium, dysprosium, samarium and thulium, have been prepared in our laboratories. A few examples of their application in artworks will be presented.1. INTRODUCTIONSpecial optical properties are constantly being explored by contemporary artists. Light has an exceptional effect in the art ield. Several artists made neon installations in museums, cloisters and other public places (Shiess 1994) or artistic installations using luorescent light tubes (Reis 1999) and luorescent materials (Ritter 2009). Photoluminescent glass has also a very interesting effect for artists to explore, since luminescent colour only appears under UV-light (Almeida 2011, Almeida et al. 2008). Luminescent glasses can be understood as “smart materials”, a relatively new term for materials which have changeable properties and that are able to reversibly change their shape or colour in response to physical and/or chemical inluences (Ritter 2009). Photoluminescent glass can be obtained by the addition of lanthanide elements. These glasses display interesting luminescent colours which can be tuned by changing the lanthanide and the composition of the glass matrix (Gorller-Walrand 1998). The light effects thus obtained improve the visual value of the artworks and seem to have extraordinary potential. The research unit Vicarte “Glass and Ceramic for the Arts” where scientists and artists are working together, is developing new materials with lumines-cent properties in collaboration with Requimte and Uninova.2. METHODDifferent lanthanide oxides were added to different glass batch compositions in order to obtain luminescent glasses and apply them in artworks. 2.1 Sample PreparationTwo different types of soda-lime luminescent glasses were produced. One composition is similar to those used in utilitarian and decorative applications; the other one is the loat glass composition, usually used in architectural applications. It was added 2% wt of Eu2O3, Tb4O7, 

Effects of colour and emotion in illustration

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Effects of colour and emotion in illustration

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