The Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and the Associated Factors to CKD in Urban Korea: A Population-based Cross-sectional Epidemiologic Study

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide problem. This study was designed to survey the prevalence and risk factors for CKD in Korea. The 2,356 subjects were selected in proportion to age, gender, and city. Subjects 35 yr of age or older were selected from 7 cities. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation, with albuminuria defined as a urine albumin to creatinine ratio of 30 mg/g or more. The overall prevalence of CKD was 13.7%. The prevalences of CKD according to stage were 2.0% stage 1, 6.7% stage 2, 4.8% stage 3, 0.2% stage 4, and 0.0% stage 5. The prevalences of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were 8.6% and 1.6%, respectively. The prevalence of eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was 5.0%. Age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fasting blood glucose were independent factors related to the presence of CKD. In conclusions, Korea, in which the prevalence of CKD is increasing, should prepare a policy for early detection and appropriate treatment of CKD. The present data will be helpful in taking those actions.Moranne O, 2009, J AM SOC NEPHROL, V20, P164, DOI 10.1681/ASN.2008020159Chin HJ, 2008, NEPHROL DIAL TRANSPL, V23, P2810, DOI 10.1093/ndt/gfn132Zhang LX, 2008, AM J KIDNEY DIS, V51, P373, DOI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.11.009BRODSKY J, 2008, AM J KIDNEY DIS S, V51, pS239Imai E, 2007, AM J KIDNEY DIS, V50, P927, DOI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.09.004Coresh J, 2007, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V298, P2038Kwan BCH, 2007, CLIN J AM SOC NEPHRO, V2, P992, DOI 10.2215/CJN.04221206Iseki K, 2007, HYPERTENS RES, V30, P167Madan P, 2007, NEPHROL DIAL TRANSPL, V22, P440, DOI 10.1093/ndt/gfl572IMAI E, 2007, CLIN EXP NEPHROL, V11, P156Kuo HW, 2007, AM J KIDNEY DIS, V49, P46, DOI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.10.007CHIN HJ, 2007, KOREAN J NEPHROL, V26, P195Ma YC, 2006, J AM SOC NEPHROL, V17, P2937, DOI 10.1681/ASN.2006040368Li ZY, 2006, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V366, P209, DOI 10.1016/j.cca.2005.10.011*KOR SOC NEPHR, 2006, KOREAN J NEPHROL, V25, pS425Fried LF, 2005, J AM SOC NEPHROL, V16, P3728, DOI 10.1681/ASN.2005040384Viktorsdottir O, 2005, NEPHROL DIAL TRANSPL, V20, P1799, DOI 10.1093/ndt/gfh914Shlipak MG, 2005, NEW ENGL J MED, V352, P2049, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa043161Domrongkitchaiporn S, 2005, J AM SOC NEPHROL, V16, P791, DOI 10.1681/ASN.2004030208Foley RN, 2005, J AM SOC NEPHROL, V16, P489Coresh J, 2005, J AM SOC NEPHROL, V16, P180Go AS, 2004, NEW ENGL J MED, V351, P1296, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa041031Wasen E, 2004, J INTERN MED, V256, P70John R, 2004, AM J KIDNEY DIS, V43, P825, DOI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2003.12.046Hunsicker LG, 2004, J AM SOC NEPHROL, V15, P1363, DOI 10.1097/01.ASN.0000126069.68755.99Fox CS, 2004, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V291, P844Chadban SJ, 2003, J AM SOC NEPHROL, V14, pS131, DOI 10.1097/01.ASN.0000070152.11927.4ACoresh J, 2003, AM J KIDNEY DIS, V41, P1, DOI 10.1053/ajkd.2003.50007SAMAK MJ, 2003, CIRCULATION, V108, P2154Ramirez SPB, 2002, J AM SOC NEPHROL, V13, P1907, DOI 10.1097/01.ASN.0000018406.20282.C8Ko GTC, 2001, BRIT J NUTR, V85, P239Levey AS, 1999, ANN INTERN MED, V130, P461Iseki K, 1996, KIDNEY INT, V49, P8001