Abstract: Environmental degradations have adverse consequences, both short-term and long-term on
the efficacious enjoyment of environmental human rights. Though these consequences are the results
of the errant use and abuse of the environment resources by the affluent people and rich states around
the globe, and their engagement with such activities that are not environmentally friendly, the most
susceptible and sufferers are less privileged and indigent population of the developing and least
developed countries. The best example of it is the phenomenon of global warming and its impact on
countries across the world. Global warming, which is causing adverse weather conditions as a result of
excessive emission of greenhouse gases mostly by developed countries, has resulted in unusual
whether conditions in developing and least developed countries. This has led to a sizable number of
internally displaced people who are left in vulnerable conditions in such countries since they are
practically less resourceful. In view of this, international cooperation for conservation of the
environment, resuscitation of its damage based on transfer of technology, transfer of financial
resources and capacity building of developing and least developed countries become a sine qua non for
ensuring environmental human rights and other related rights to every individual of the world. The
notion that environmental degradation affects the enjoyment of environmental rights and fundamental
human rights has gone beyond a mere jurisprudential debate of a state and has become a matter of
global concern. It has been acknowledged over the years that protection of human rights and
environmental protection are so inextricably related that they are co-extensive and co-existent. Thus,
attempt to protect the environment will also, in turn, assist in the protection of certain fundamental
human rights. This proposition has been a subject matter of widespread debate. This paper, therefore,
sheds some light on various issues that prove that the two subject matters, i.e. certain fundamental
human rights and conservation of the environment, are interrelated. This underscores the need for both
to be taken into consideration and incorporated into all development projects and activities, which
might cause adverse impact on the environment and/or human, animal and plant life or health.
Towards achieving this, there is a need for preventive measures, e.g. comprehensive environmental
impact assessments (EIAs) and social impact assessments (SIAs) with enough and meaningful public
participation, environmental audit from time to time, and punitive measures, e.g. imposing penalty and
fine, imprisonment, compensation having enough deterrence on the perpetrators and others, a
competent legal regime and enforcement mechanisms, administrative and judicial. Due to limited
space the paper will not discuss these imperatives in detail.
Key words: Environment, human rights, development
