Shahab, Syed Alwi

English

The International Islamic University Malaysia Repository

HORIZONS OFSPIRITUALPSYCHOLOGYEdited byAkbar Husain • Shahrir JarnaluddinOsman Hashim • Loh Sau CheongMariani Md Nor • Hamidah SulaimanDepartment of Educational Psychology and Counseling,Faculty of Education, University of Malaya50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA11"i1~mj~llIii~lli1il~ll]ii~iIIIIII1A514346924GLOBAL VISION PUBLISHING HOUSE20, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-l 10002 (INDIA)GLOBAL VISION PUBLISHING HOUSEF-4, Ist Floor, 'Hari Sadan' 20, Ansari Road,Daryaganj, Nevi Delhi-l10002 (INDIA)TeL: 23261581,23276291,64691271 Mob: 9810644769Email: nsingh_2004@vsnLnet.globalvisionpub@eth.netWebSite: globalvisionpub.comHorizons ofSpiritual PsychologySelection and Editiorial matterAkbar Husain, Shahrir Jamaluddin, Osman Hashim,Loh Sau Cheong, Mariani Md Nor and Hamidah SulaimanIndividual Articles © The ContributorsFirst Edition, 2008ISBN: 81-8220-278-7[Responsibility for the facts stated, opinIOns expressed,conclusions reached and plagiarism, if any, in this title isentirely that of the Contributors. The Publisher bears noresponsibility for them whatsoever. All rights reserved. Nopart of this book may be reproduced in any manner withoutwritten permission.]PRINTED IN INDIAPublished by Dr. N.K. Singh for Global Vision Publishing House,New Delhi-2 and Printed at Balaji Offset, Naveen Shahdara, Delhi-32.PREFACEThe concept of spirituality is a holistic one which encompassesthe physical, mental, emotional, social and the spiritual aspects ofan individual. Spirituality is a unified quality ofbody, mind, heart,spirit or soul. A number of attempts have been made: (a) toidentify the factors or dimensions of spirituality through thedevelopment of various measures, (b) to integrate spirituality intoeducation, counseling, training and therapy, (c) to see spiritualityin health care organizations, (d) to identify and examine the roleof spiritual values in the personality development, (e) to investigatethe relationship between spirituality and well-being, and (f) toassess the role of Sufism and Buddhistic principles in the healthmaintenance behaviour.In this book you will find ans\vers of so many questionsrelated to the complex discipline as to what is spirituality, whatelements really make up the spiritual life, how spirituality can bemeasured, what spirituality has done so far to the healthmaintenance behaviour and what spirituality can do further? Thisis what we hope that the articles published in this volume willprovide us meaningful solutions to our daily life problems.This book contains 19 chapters based on the keynote addressesand articles presented in International Seminar on SpiritualPsychology mainly by the Indian and Malaysian participants. Thekeynote addresses and articles are not reproduced here asoriginally presented in the seminar. We expended them considerably(vi) Horizons ofSpiritual Psychologyand arranged matter in a different order. The content of the bookamply reflects that the field of spiritual psychology is developingin a number of directions.The language of the book is very easy and interesting foreveryone who is concerned with the maintenance of spiritualhealth. This book is an important and welcome addition to thefield of spiritual psychology. It is a good source of information tothe students, teachers, researchers, professionals in particular andfor the others who are interested in this field.We would like to acknowledge the authors for their valuablecontributions. We also extend our appreciation to the social andstructural support provided by Prof. Dr. Noraini Idris, Dean, Facultyof Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. It is also ourduty to acknowledge the great obligation to Global Vision PublishingHouse, New Delhi, India for printing this book.EditorsLIST OF CONTRIBUTORSAkanksha Tripathi, obtained M.A Degree in Psychology fromPanjab University, Chandigarh, India. She has attended andpresented papers in conferences and attended workshops. Shehas teaching experience at the undergraduate level. Her researchinterest is in the area of Health Psychology.Akbar Husain is Professor of Psychology at the Faculty ofEducation, University ofMalaya, Kuala Lumpur. He has published15 books as sole author, editor and co-editor and 140 articles andbook chapters. These publications cover different fields ofAppliedPsychology. His current research interests are in the fields ofSpiritual Psychology, Islamic Psychology and PsychologicalAssessment. He is a recipient of some national awards.Alvin Ng Lai Oon is senior lecturer in clinical psychology at theHealth Psychology Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Dr. Ng obtained a Bachelorsdegree in Arts, majoring in Psychology from the University ofWestern Australia in 1997; a Bachelor of Psychology degree in1998 and a Doctor of Psychology degree iri 2002, both fromMurdoch University, Western Australia. His research intcrestincludes public health promotion, behavioural fluency, socialinfluence, applied behaviour analysis, developmental and intellectualdisabilities, and gender psychology and obesity prevention.(viii) Horizons ofSpiritual PsychologyAsif Akhtar is Lecturer in the area of Marketing Management,Information Technology and General Management, Departmentof Business Administration, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh,India. He has done his B.Tech in Mechanical Engg. and MBAfrom Aligarh Muslim University, India. He has been teaching thestudents of MBA for the last two years. He has presented six-research paper, one in international conference and other five innational conferences. One of his papers was awarded withCummins Best Case Award in the conference held at IIM-K. Hehas attended a Faculty Development Program at IIT, Delhi. Atpresent, he is Co-Supervising the dissertation work of MBAstudents.Ayesha Farooq is a· Lecturer in the Department of BusinessAdministration, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. Herareas of interest are General Management, OrganizationalBehavior, and organizational Development. She has been teachingMBA students for the last eight years. She has authored sixresearch papers and attended one international and three nationalconferences. She has conducted workshops on interpersonaleffectiveness for the faculty of CCS University, Meerut. She isfounder member of Fazli Mission foundation, Dibai, which isworking for the advancement and development of poor sectionsof society and managing a higher secondary school.Che Zarrina Binti Sa~ari is Associate Professor at theDepartment of Aqidah and Islamic Thought, Academy of IslamicStudies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Her specializationis Sufism (Islamic Psycho-spirituality).She wrote several booksand published many articles in national and international journalsand presented more than 50 working papers in national andinternational seminars and conferences. She also wrote books,articles and working papers in Islamic ethics, Islamic thought,comparative religion and Islamic economics.Jasvir Kaur Chahal is Senior Lecturer in Education atGovernment College of Education, Chandigarh, India since lastList ofContributors (ix)two decades. Her areas of specialization are Philosophical andSociological Foundations of Education, Educational Psychologyand Guidance and Counseling. She is Member, Faculty ofEducation, Panjab University and has remained member of theBoard of Studies too and Curriculum construction has remainedher forte.Jitendra Mohan was former Chairman, Department ofPsychology, Dean, Faculty of Arts, and University Fellow, PanjabUniversity, Chandigarh, India. Prof. Mohan is President, IndianAcademy of Applied Psychology. He has published 23 books, 250research papers and 30 chapters. He is a member of variousnational and international associations. He has received a numberof national and international awards from various bodies. Hisfields of special interests are Human Resource Development insports, business administration and education, performanceenhancement through mental training.Joni Tamkin Borhan is professor at the Dept. of Shariah andEconomics, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya.He was educated at University of Malaya and obtained a Bachelorof Shariah (B.Sh) and Master of Shariah (M. Sh) in 1990 and1994 respectively. He received his Ph.D in Islamic Banking fromEdinburgh University, Scotland, UK in 1997. He has publishedand \\Titten numerous books, articles in Journals at internationaland national levels. He also presented many papers for variousconferences and workshops locally and internationally in the fieldof Islamic Studies mostly in Islamic banking, Islamic Economicsand Islamic transactions.Khamsiah Ismail, Ph.D in Psychology, with specialization inCounselling and Clinical Psychology (2006), M. Ed in Counseling(1999), from International Islamic University Malaysia. She isworking as an Assistant Director (Head) of Counselling Unit atSector of Student Affairs, Matriculation Division, Ministry ofEducation Malaysia. Her main Interest is Integration of Islamicapproach in counseling and psychotherapy.(x) . Horizons ofSpiritual PsychologyLoh Sau Cheong is senior lecturer in the Faculty of Education,University of Malayll. She obtained her first degree in specialeducation and her Master and Ph.D in Educational Psychology.Her research interests include motivation in learning, cognitivepsychology, teacher education, and research on children withlearning disabilities. She practices mindfulness meditation andstrongly believes the application and practicality of mindfulness indaily life.Meena Sehgal is Professor and Head, Department of Psychology,Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Dr. Sehgal has publishednumerous articles in books and chapters. She has attended severalnational and international conferences where she has presentedpapers and chaired sessions. Her current research interest is inthe fields of Health Psychology and Positive Psychology.Mikail Ibrahim is Lecturer, Faculty of Major Language Studies,Islamic Science University of Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan,Malaysia. Dr. Ibrahim has attended and presented papers in thenational conferences. His area of research interest is EducationalPsychology.Nadiyah Elias is a senior lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia.Her research interests are in the fields of Islamic Psychology,Counseling, and Educational Psychology.Nik RosUa Nik Yaacob is Lecturer in School of Educationalstudies, University Science Malaysia. Her areas of specializationare in Islamic Education, Islamic Psychology and Counseling,Educational Psychology, Spiritual Psychology, Childhood and HumanDevelopment.Noh Amit presently working as Lecturer in Health PsychologyUnit, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). His researchinterests are in the area ofpsychological issues/developments.Noor Aisbah Rosli is Lecturer in the Department of EducationalPsychology and Counseling, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.List of Contributors (xi)She did Master of Counseling from Northern University ofMalaysia, Kedah. She wrote a number of Books for children i.eThe series of Self-knowing, Ethics and Behavior, and Women.Noraini Mahat is in the Department of Counseling and Discipline,Sekolah Rendah Islam AI-Amin, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia.Osman Hashim is Lecturer in the Department of EducationalPsychology and Counseling, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.His research interests are in special education and spirituality.Peter Wong Sin On is lecturer in the Department of Psychologyand Counselling at Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. He earnedhis bachelor's degree from Manhattan College and holds a mastersdegree in Guidance and Counseling from Universiti Malaya. Heis a registered counselor and a qualified hypnotherapist. His areasof research interest include spirituality, humour, counseling, andpsychotherapy.Rafidah Aga Mohd Jaladin is lecturer at the Faculty ofEducation, University ofMalaya. Rafidah is a registered Counselor(KB00196, PA00300) with the Malaysian Counselors Council andalso a life-time member of the Malaysian Counselling Association.Saedah Siraj is Professor of Curriculum and Instruction and alsoDeputy Dean at the Faculty of Education, University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur. She is having more than 20 years experience inteaching. She served as an external evaluator for several programsnationally and internationally. She is the author/editor of severalbooks and numerous articles and also in the editorial board forseveral international journals. Her main research ~nterests arefuture curriculum, mLearning and module-based curriculum;developing curriculum for indigenous children; and family education.Sarah Jenkins obtained degrees from Edinburgh University andthe Society for Psychology and Healing and Birmingham University,London. Sarah trained in Analytical Psychology and is a qualified(xii) Horizons ofSpiritual P:>ychologyPsychotherapist. For several years she worked in her own clinicin London specifically for women. She now focuses on SpirtualPsychology. Sarah has trained in alternative healing modalities,including TFT (thought field therapy) Reiki and TranscendentalMeditation.Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani is a world-renownedauthor and religious scholar. He has devoted his life to thepromotion of the traditional Islamic principles of peace, tolerance,love, compassion and brotherhood, while opposing extremism inail its forms. In the U.S., Shaykh Kabbani serves as Chairman,Islamic Supreme Council of America; Founder, Naqshbandi SufiOrder of America; Advisor, World Organisation for ResourceDevelopment and Education; Chairman, As-Sunnah Foundationof America; Chairman, Kamilat Muslim Women's Organisation;and, Founder and President, The Muslim Magazine. He haspublished a number ofbooks.His books include: Commentary on the Chapter ofSincerity(2007), Universe Rising (2007), The Sufi Path ofSel.f-Rezlisation(2006), Keys to the Divine Kingdom (2005), Classical Islamand the Naqshbandi Sufi Order (2004), Pearls and Coral(2005); The Islamic Perspective (2003); Encyclopedia ofMuhammad's Women Companions and the Traditions TheyRelated (1998); Angels Univeiled (1996); The Naqshbandi SufiWay (1995); Remembrance of God Liturgy of the SufiNaqshbandi Masters (1994).Siti Aishah Hassan is Lecturer in the Department of CounselorEducation and Counseling Psychology, Faculty of EducationalStudies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia. Dr. Hassanis consultant for various organizations and practicing counselor.She has published a number of research articles and books. Shehas received awards and honors at the international leveL Herareas of research interest are maternal spirituality, and the use ofstructural equation modeling analysis.List of Contributors (xiii)Syed Alwi Shahab is Associate Professor of Education at theInstitute of Education, International Islamic University Malaysia.He has obtained BA (Hons) and MA degrees in Philosophy fromNational University of Singapore; and MA in Education and PhDin Philosophy and the Social Sciences, from Stanford University,California. Dr.Shahab also practiced as a licensed Marriage andFamily Counselor, as well as a Certified ProfessionalHypnotherapist. In addition he was trained in Biofeedbackapplications, and later became a Certified NLP Trainer and EFTPractitioner.Syed Sohail Imam, former Associate professor of GovernmentCollege University, Lahore, Pakistan, is now Associate Professorat Department of Psychology, International Islamic UniversityMalaysia. He attended several national and internationalconferences and presented research papers. Until now he hassupervised more than 100 master theses including Ph. D. theses.He contributed to Pakistan Psychological Association as executivemember, secretary general, and senior vice-president, His fieldsof interest are organizational psychology, experimental psychology,and psychometry.CONTENTSPreface (v)List of Contributors (vii)Section ISufism and Well·Beingl. Sufism and the Perennial Conflict ofGood and Evil 3Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani2. Spiritual Psychology and Subjective Well·Being 49Jitendra MohanSection IISpirituality and Positive Behaviour3. Adolescents' Spiritual Well-Being and their Emotions 75}yjeena Sehgal, Jitendra Mohan, and Akanksha Tripathi4. Self-Efficacy, Self-Regulation and Spirituality 105Ayesha Farooq and AsifAkhtar5. Spiritual Values and Personality Development 125Nik Rosita Nik Yaacob6. -Pour Noble Truths ofBuddhism 139Alvin Ng Lai Don(xvi) Horizons of Spiritual Psychology7. Mindfulness: A Path ofSpiritual Awakening 153Loh Sau Cheong8. The Integration of Spirituality into Healthcare 165Peter Wong Sin OnSection IIIPsychotherapy and Counseling9. Relationship Between Sufism and IslamicPsychospiri tuality 177eke Zarrina Binti Sa 'ari and Joni Tamkin Borhan10. Spiritual Aspects in Islamic Therapy and Counseling 199Nadiyah Elias11. Islamic Spiritual Psychotherapy: The Client's Role 209Khamsiah Ismail, Noraini Mahat and SUi Aishah Hassan12. Values Pertaining to Spirituality and Religionin Counseling 231Rafidah Aga Mohd Jaladin and Noh Ami!13. Psychotherapy and Kabbalah 249Sarah JenkinsSection IVSpiritual Assessment14. Spiritual Orientation Among Malaysians 263Akbar Husain. Osman Hashim and Noor Aishah Rosli15. Reliability, Validity, and Dimensionality ofSpiritualWell-being Scale 273Syed Sohai! Imam16. Maternal Spiritual Characteristics and SexualInvolvement 289Siti Aishah Hassan and Mikai! IbrahimContentsSection VSpirituality, Education and Religious Aspects17. Need for Redesigning Modem Islamic SchoolCurriculum based on SpiritualitySaedah Siraj18. Empirical Psychology Encounters SpiritualityS. A l~j/i Shahab19. Guru Nanak's Spiritualismlas·vi,. Kaur ChahalIndex(xvii)31333935136318EMPIRICAL PSYCHOLOGYENCOUNTERS SPIRITUALITYS. A/wi ShahabMany psychologists, aware of the increasing restrictiveness,narrowness, and irrelevancy ofmuch ofthe spurious scholasticismin contemporary psychology, have expressed concern, critical ofthe traditional psychology since the 1950s. Some of the mostfrequently repeated themes are the following:1. Psychology lacks real unity. (MacLeod, 1965; Sanford, 1965;Koch,1969)2. Psychology lacks direction. (Sanford, 1965)3. Psychology should cease its strict emulation of the naturalsciences. (Bugental, 1963; Bakan, 1972)4. Psychology bas not been investigating meaningful phenomenain a meaningful way. (Jordan, 1968)5. Psychology lacks holistic methods. (Sanford, 1965)6. Traditional psychology does not do justice to the humanperson. {Bakan, 1967)7. Psychology's relevance to the life-world is deficient. (Jordan,1968; Koch, 1969)What do psychologists do anyway? Almost every studentbeing introduced to psychology is told that psychology is the

Empirical psychology encounters spirituality

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Empirical psychology encounters spirituality

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