In this article, Cathy Ure et al. look at engaging communities in order to reduce alcohol harms. By training Alcohol Health Champions, individuals can support vulnerable friends and family, and work within their communities to influence policy and promote change

Ardern, K

Audrey, S

Burns, EJ

Coffey, M

Cook, PA

Hargreaves, SC

Kenth, K

Ure, CM

English

University of Salford Institutional Repository

88 Perspectives in Public Health l March 2020 Vol 140 No 2Featureidentification and brief advice (IBa) are effective interventions to reduce alcohol harm.2 Furthermore, recent work suggests that there is a need to engage communities in actions to reduce alcohol harm.3 In order to tackle the high social and economic cost of alcohol, estimated to be £1.3 bn per year or £500 per resident,4 the uK city region of Greater Manchester (GM) implemented an innovative programme to reduce alcohol harm in September 2017. this asset- and place- based community development approach6 – called Communities in Charge of Alcohol (CICa) – aims to reduce alcohol harm in specific deprived areas across 10 local authorities.7the CICa programme trains local volunteers within specific communities to become alcohol health champions (aHCs) – the first time to our knowledge Mobilising communities to address alcohol harm: an Alcohol Health Champion approach899700 RSH IN PraCtICeIN PraCtICeAlcohol Health Champions are trained to:•  Have informal conversations about alcohol and health with family, friends, and colleagues and to use the audit-C (an alcohol harm assessment tool in the form of a scratch card with three questions around alcohol consumption);•  Support people to reduce drinking through brief advice or guiding them towards specialist services;•  Provide local support for communities to get involved with licensing decisions by helping them raise issues with the local authority about venues selling alcohol;•  Work with other members of the community and professionals to influence alcohol policy/availability in their community;•  train others to become aHCs (first generation aHCs only).In this article, Cathy Ure et al. look at engaging communities in order to reduce alcohol harms. By training Alcohol Health Champions, individuals can support vulnerable friends and family, and work within their communities to influence policy and promote change.Cathy UreResearch Project Manager – Public Health, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Allerton Building, Frederick Road, Salford M6 6PU, Manchester, UKEmail: c.m.ure1@salford.ac.ukLiz BurnsLecturer in Mental Health Nursing, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UKSuzy C HargreavesResearch Assistant, Public Health, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UKMargaret CoffeyReader in Public Health, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UKSuzanne AudreySenior Research Fellow in Public Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UKKiran KenthDirector of National and Regional Programmes, The Royal Society for Public Health, London, UKKate ArdernDirector of Public Health, Wigan  Council and Greater Manchester  DPH for Drugs and Alcohol Harm ReductionPenny A CookProfessor in Public Health, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UKCorresponding author:Cathy Ure, as aboveBACKgroUndGlobally, harmful drinking results in six deaths every minute.1 the evidence indicates that restricting the availability of alcohol, and early The high social and economic cost of alcohol, estimated to be £1.3 bn per year or £500 per residentMarch 2020 Vol 140 No 2 l Perspectives in Public Health 89Featurethat such a role has been established. this article introduces the role of aHCs, talks about who they are, and provides a glimpse into their experiences to date.THe roLe of AHCSaHCs are lay people living or working in the areas where CICa was implemented and who have gained the rSPH Level 2 award ‘understanding alcohol Misuse’ accreditation as a result of partaking in the CICa training programme. this award – a bespoke design for CICa – entails two days of learning in relation to alcohol awareness and giving brief advice. unique to the aHC role is also learning about the Licensing act 2003. this knowledge enables community members to build relationships with local licensing officers, have a voice, and influence licensing decisions locally. the initial cohort of aHCs also received train the trainer input to enable them to train future volunteers to become aHCs. aHCs are recruited and supported by a locally assigned CICa co-ordinator (staff already employed in lifestyle provider services or tier 3 alcohol services).WHAT HAS HAPPened So fAr?In the first 18 months, 123 new health volunteers were trained as aHCs. Motivations for becoming an aHC included being a ‘concerned relative’, wanting to help others, personal experience of alcohol dependence, a general desire to learn more about alcohol, working in the local community, and/or gaining a qualification. the aHCs’ predominant focus to date has been on providing brief advice within their communities. Data from five areas show that: 65 community events were attended by aHCs; 1129 conversations took place with members of their communities; and 249 auDIt-C assessments completed.8 experiences of getting involved in licensing were less commonly reported by aHCs, but individual stories highlighted examples where aHCs had reported issues to local licensing leads and had raised awareness of local licensing powers within the community. aHCs cited concerns about being publicly identifiable as a barrier to engagement in formal licensing processes.WHAT BenefiTS do AHCS rePorT?It was evident from early in the programme that there was considerable social value gained from becoming an aHC. Inspiring stories relating to the personal benefits to aHCs include: gaining permanent employment; increased confidence; developing positive, supportive friendships; widening social networks; reduced personal levels of alcohol use; and feeling good about making a difference. Indeed, one of the challenges experienced by local CICa co-ordinators has been retaining aHCs as they move on to utilise their new-found skills elsewhere, in training or employment.iniTiAL refLeCTionSWe are in the process of evaluating the impact CICa has on reducing alcohol harm within the communities where it was rolled out.7 We have learnt that CICa is a complex intervention to launch and embed into small communities, and have identified key barriers and facilitators which have affected the implementation, recruitment, training, and ongoing support of aHCs. It has become evident that the effective implementation of the aHC training, and integration of the role to deliver alcohol harm reduction activities into local plans is a process which needs time to bed in, facilitated by ongoing support from local commissioners. It is really pleasing that, two years after initial launch, five local authorities across GM continue to recruit and train aHCs. Locally, the value of aHCs is recognised with local co-ordinators inspired by their aHCs’ desire to tackle alcohol harm and the personal benefits to health and wellbeing gained by the aHCs themselves. More information about the role of aHCs is available at http://hub.salford.ac.uk/communities-in-charge-of-alcohol/alcohol-health-champions/. the CICa protocol is available at https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-018-5410-0.diSCLAiMerthe evaluation is funded by the National Institute for Health research (NIHr) Public Health Programme (Grant reference Number 15/129/03). the views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHr or the Department of Health and Social Care.orCid idSCathy ure  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5021-1947Margaret Coffey  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5837-5532This knowledge enables community members to build relationships with local licensing officers, have a voice, and influence licensing decisions locally90 Perspectives in Public Health l March 2020 Vol 140 No 2Featurereferences 1. World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. 2. Burton r, Henn C, Lavoie D et al. a rapid evidence review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alcohol control policies: an english perspective. The Lancet 2016;389(10078):1558–80. 3. McGrath M, reynolds J, Smolar M et al. Identifying opportunities for engaging the ‘community’ in local alcohol decision-making: a literature review and synthesis. Int J Drug Policy 2019;74:193–204. 4. Greater Manchester Combined authority. Communities encourages to help safeguard future generations from drug and alcohol harm, 2018. available online at: https://www.greatermanchester-ca.gov.uk/news/communities-encouraged-to-help-safeguard-future-generations-from-drug-and-alcohol-harm/ 5. Public Health england. A guide to community-centred approaches for health and wellbeing. London: Public Health england; 2015. 6. GOV.uK. Place based approaches for reducing health inequalities: main report, 2019. available online at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-inequalities-place-based-approaches-to-reduce-inequalities/place-based-approaches-for-reducing-health-inequalities-main-report (last accessed 7 November 2019). 7. Cook P, Hargreaves SC, Burns eJ et al. Communities in charge of alcohol (CICa): a protocol for a stepped-wedge randomised control trial of an alcohol health champion programme. BMC Public Health 2018;18: 522. 8. assets.publishing.service.gov.uk, 2019. available online at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/684826/alcohol_use_disorders_identification_test_for_consumption__auDIt_C_.pdf (last accessed 15 November 2019).

Mobilising communities to address alcohol harm : an Alcohol Health Champion approach

Globally, harmful drinking results in six deaths every minute. The evidence indicates that restricting the availability of alcohol, and early identification and brief advice (IBA) are effective interventions to reduce alcohol harm. Furthermore, recent work suggests that there is a need to engage communities in actions to reduce alcohol harm. In order to tackle the high social and economic cost of alcohol, estimated to be £1.3 bn per year or £500 per resident, the UK city region of Greater Manchester (GM) implemented an innovative programme to reduce alcohol harm in September 2017. This asset- and place- based community development approach – called Communities in Charge of Alcohol (CICA) – aims to reduce alcohol harm in specific deprived areas across 10 local authorities

Ure, Cathy

Burns, Liz

Hargreaves, Suzy C

Coffey, Margaret

Audrey, Suzanne

Kenth, Kiran

Ardern, Kate

Cook, Penny A

Explore Bristol Research

Ure, C., Burns, L., Hargreaves, S. C., Coffey, M., Audrey, S., Kenth,K., Ardern, K., & Cook, P. A. (2020). Mobilising communities toaddress alcohol harm: an Alcohol Health Champion approach.Perspectives in Public Health, 140(2), 88-90.https://doi.org/10.1177/1757913919899700Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLicense (if available):CC BYLink to published version (if available):10.1177/1757913919899700Link to publication record on the Bristol Research PortalPDF-documentThis is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via Sage Publicationsat https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1757913919899700. Please refer to any applicable terms of use ofthe publisher.University of Bristol – Bristol Research PortalGeneral rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only thepublished version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available:http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/brp-terms/88 Perspectives in Public Health l March 2020 Vol 140 No 2Featureidentification and brief advice (IBa) are effective interventions to reduce alcohol harm.2 Furthermore, recent work suggests that there is a need to engage communities in actions to reduce alcohol harm.3 In order to tackle the high social and economic cost of alcohol, estimated to be £1.3 bn per year or £500 per resident,4 the uK city region of Greater Manchester (GM) implemented an innovative programme to reduce alcohol harm in September 2017. this asset- and place- based community development approach6 – called Communities in Charge of Alcohol (CICa) – aims to reduce alcohol harm in specific deprived areas across 10 local authorities.7the CICa programme trains local volunteers within specific communities to become alcohol health champions (aHCs) – the first time to our knowledge Mobilising communities to address alcohol harm: an Alcohol Health Champion approach899700 RSH IN PraCtICeIN PraCtICeAlcohol Health Champions are trained to:•  Have informal conversations about alcohol and health with family, friends, and colleagues and to use the audit-C (an alcohol harm assessment tool in the form of a scratch card with three questions around alcohol consumption);•  Support people to reduce drinking through brief advice or guiding them towards specialist services;•  Provide local support for communities to get involved with licensing decisions by helping them raise issues with the local authority about venues selling alcohol;•  Work with other members of the community and professionals to influence alcohol policy/availability in their community;•  train others to become aHCs (first generation aHCs only).In this article, Cathy Ure et al. look at engaging communities in order to reduce alcohol harms. By training Alcohol Health Champions, individuals can support vulnerable friends and family, and work within their communities to influence policy and promote change.Cathy UreResearch Project Manager – Public Health, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Allerton Building, Frederick Road, Salford M6 6PU, Manchester, UKEmail: c.m.ure1@salford.ac.ukLiz BurnsLecturer in Mental Health Nursing, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UKSuzy C HargreavesResearch Assistant, Public Health, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UKMargaret CoffeyReader in Public Health, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UKSuzanne AudreySenior Research Fellow in Public Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UKKiran KenthDirector of National and Regional Programmes, The Royal Society for Public Health, London, UKKate ArdernDirector of Public Health, Wigan  Council and Greater Manchester  DPH for Drugs and Alcohol Harm ReductionPenny A CookProfessor in Public Health, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UKCorresponding author:Cathy Ure, as aboveBACKgroUndGlobally, harmful drinking results in six deaths every minute.1 the evidence indicates that restricting the availability of alcohol, and early The high social and economic cost of alcohol, estimated to be £1.3 bn per year or £500 per residentMarch 2020 Vol 140 No 2 l Perspectives in Public Health 89Featurethat such a role has been established. this article introduces the role of aHCs, talks about who they are, and provides a glimpse into their experiences to date.THe roLe of AHCSaHCs are lay people living or working in the areas where CICa was implemented and who have gained the rSPH Level 2 award ‘understanding alcohol Misuse’ accreditation as a result of partaking in the CICa training programme. this award – a bespoke design for CICa – entails two days of learning in relation to alcohol awareness and giving brief advice. unique to the aHC role is also learning about the Licensing act 2003. this knowledge enables community members to build relationships with local licensing officers, have a voice, and influence licensing decisions locally. the initial cohort of aHCs also received train the trainer input to enable them to train future volunteers to become aHCs. aHCs are recruited and supported by a locally assigned CICa co-ordinator (staff already employed in lifestyle provider services or tier 3 alcohol services).WHAT HAS HAPPened So fAr?In the first 18 months, 123 new health volunteers were trained as aHCs. Motivations for becoming an aHC included being a ‘concerned relative’, wanting to help others, personal experience of alcohol dependence, a general desire to learn more about alcohol, working in the local community, and/or gaining a qualification. the aHCs’ predominant focus to date has been on providing brief advice within their communities. Data from five areas show that: 65 community events were attended by aHCs; 1129 conversations took place with members of their communities; and 249 auDIt-C assessments completed.8 experiences of getting involved in licensing were less commonly reported by aHCs, but individual stories highlighted examples where aHCs had reported issues to local licensing leads and had raised awareness of local licensing powers within the community. aHCs cited concerns about being publicly identifiable as a barrier to engagement in formal licensing processes.WHAT BenefiTS do AHCS rePorT?It was evident from early in the programme that there was considerable social value gained from becoming an aHC. Inspiring stories relating to the personal benefits to aHCs include: gaining permanent employment; increased confidence; developing positive, supportive friendships; widening social networks; reduced personal levels of alcohol use; and feeling good about making a difference. Indeed, one of the challenges experienced by local CICa co-ordinators has been retaining aHCs as they move on to utilise their new-found skills elsewhere, in training or employment.iniTiAL refLeCTionSWe are in the process of evaluating the impact CICa has on reducing alcohol harm within the communities where it was rolled out.7 We have learnt that CICa is a complex intervention to launch and embed into small communities, and have identified key barriers and facilitators which have affected the implementation, recruitment, training, and ongoing support of aHCs. It has become evident that the effective implementation of the aHC training, and integration of the role to deliver alcohol harm reduction activities into local plans is a process which needs time to bed in, facilitated by ongoing support from local commissioners. It is really pleasing that, two years after initial launch, five local authorities across GM continue to recruit and train aHCs. Locally, the value of aHCs is recognised with local co-ordinators inspired by their aHCs’ desire to tackle alcohol harm and the personal benefits to health and wellbeing gained by the aHCs themselves. More information about the role of aHCs is available at http://hub.salford.ac.uk/communities-in-charge-of-alcohol/alcohol-health-champions/. the CICa protocol is available at https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-018-5410-0.diSCLAiMerthe evaluation is funded by the National Institute for Health research (NIHr) Public Health Programme (Grant reference Number 15/129/03). the views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHr or the Department of Health and Social Care.orCid idSCathy ure  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5021-1947Margaret Coffey  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5837-5532This knowledge enables community members to build relationships with local licensing officers, have a voice, and influence licensing decisions locally90 Perspectives in Public Health l March 2020 Vol 140 No 2Featurereferences 1. World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. 2. Burton r, Henn C, Lavoie D et al. a rapid evidence review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alcohol control policies: an english perspective. The Lancet 2016;389(10078):1558–80. 3. McGrath M, reynolds J, Smolar M et al. Identifying opportunities for engaging the ‘community’ in local alcohol decision-making: a literature review and synthesis. Int J Drug Policy 2019;74:193–204. 4. Greater Manchester Combined authority. Communities encourages to help safeguard future generations from drug and alcohol harm, 2018. available online at: https://www.greatermanchester-ca.gov.uk/news/communities-encouraged-to-help-safeguard-future-generations-from-drug-and-alcohol-harm/ 5. Public Health england. A guide to community-centred approaches for health and wellbeing. London: Public Health england; 2015. 6. GOV.uK. Place based approaches for reducing health inequalities: main report, 2019. available online at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-inequalities-place-based-approaches-to-reduce-inequalities/place-based-approaches-for-reducing-health-inequalities-main-report (last accessed 7 November 2019). 7. Cook P, Hargreaves SC, Burns eJ et al. Communities in charge of alcohol (CICa): a protocol for a stepped-wedge randomised control trial of an alcohol health champion programme. BMC Public Health 2018;18: 522. 8. assets.publishing.service.gov.uk, 2019. available online at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/684826/alcohol_use_disorders_identification_test_for_consumption__auDIt_C_.pdf (last accessed 15 November 2019).

Mobilising communities to address alcohol harm:an Alcohol Health Champion approach

                          Ure, C., Burns, L., Hargreaves, S. C., Coffey, M., Audrey, S., Kenth, K., ...Cook, P. A. (2020). Mobilising communities to address alcohol harm: anAlcohol Health Champion approach. Perspectives in Public Health, 140(2),88-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757913919899700Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLicense (if available):CC BYLink to published version (if available):10.1177/1757913919899700Link to publication record in Explore Bristol ResearchPDF-documentThis is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via Sage Publicationsat https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1757913919899700. Please refer to any applicable terms of use ofthe publisher.University of Bristol - Explore Bristol ResearchGeneral rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the publishedversion using the reference above. Full terms of use are available:http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms88 Perspectives in Public Health l March 2020 Vol 140 No 2Featureidentification and brief advice (IBa) are effective interventions to reduce alcohol harm.2 Furthermore, recent work suggests that there is a need to engage communities in actions to reduce alcohol harm.3 In order to tackle the high social and economic cost of alcohol, estimated to be £1.3 bn per year or £500 per resident,4 the uK city region of Greater Manchester (GM) implemented an innovative programme to reduce alcohol harm in September 2017. this asset- and place- based community development approach6 – called Communities in Charge of Alcohol (CICa) – aims to reduce alcohol harm in specific deprived areas across 10 local authorities.7the CICa programme trains local volunteers within specific communities to become alcohol health champions (aHCs) – the first time to our knowledge Mobilising communities to address alcohol harm: an Alcohol Health Champion approach899700 RSH IN PraCtICeIN PraCtICeAlcohol Health Champions are trained to:•  Have informal conversations about alcohol and health with family, friends, and colleagues and to use the audit-C (an alcohol harm assessment tool in the form of a scratch card with three questions around alcohol consumption);•  Support people to reduce drinking through brief advice or guiding them towards specialist services;•  Provide local support for communities to get involved with licensing decisions by helping them raise issues with the local authority about venues selling alcohol;•  Work with other members of the community and professionals to influence alcohol policy/availability in their community;•  train others to become aHCs (first generation aHCs only).In this article, Cathy Ure et al. look at engaging communities in order to reduce alcohol harms. By training Alcohol Health Champions, individuals can support vulnerable friends and family, and work within their communities to influence policy and promote change.Cathy UreResearch Project Manager – Public Health, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Allerton Building, Frederick Road, Salford M6 6PU, Manchester, UKEmail: c.m.ure1@salford.ac.ukLiz BurnsLecturer in Mental Health Nursing, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UKSuzy C HargreavesResearch Assistant, Public Health, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UKMargaret CoffeyReader in Public Health, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UKSuzanne AudreySenior Research Fellow in Public Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UKKiran KenthDirector of National and Regional Programmes, The Royal Society for Public Health, London, UKKate ArdernDirector of Public Health, Wigan  Council and Greater Manchester  DPH for Drugs and Alcohol Harm ReductionPenny A CookProfessor in Public Health, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UKCorresponding author:Cathy Ure, as aboveBACKgroUndGlobally, harmful drinking results in six deaths every minute.1 the evidence indicates that restricting the availability of alcohol, and early The high social and economic cost of alcohol, estimated to be £1.3 bn per year or £500 per residentMarch 2020 Vol 140 No 2 l Perspectives in Public Health 89Featurethat such a role has been established. this article introduces the role of aHCs, talks about who they are, and provides a glimpse into their experiences to date.THe roLe of AHCSaHCs are lay people living or working in the areas where CICa was implemented and who have gained the rSPH Level 2 award ‘understanding alcohol Misuse’ accreditation as a result of partaking in the CICa training programme. this award – a bespoke design for CICa – entails two days of learning in relation to alcohol awareness and giving brief advice. unique to the aHC role is also learning about the Licensing act 2003. this knowledge enables community members to build relationships with local licensing officers, have a voice, and influence licensing decisions locally. the initial cohort of aHCs also received train the trainer input to enable them to train future volunteers to become aHCs. aHCs are recruited and supported by a locally assigned CICa co-ordinator (staff already employed in lifestyle provider services or tier 3 alcohol services).WHAT HAS HAPPened So fAr?In the first 18 months, 123 new health volunteers were trained as aHCs. Motivations for becoming an aHC included being a ‘concerned relative’, wanting to help others, personal experience of alcohol dependence, a general desire to learn more about alcohol, working in the local community, and/or gaining a qualification. the aHCs’ predominant focus to date has been on providing brief advice within their communities. Data from five areas show that: 65 community events were attended by aHCs; 1129 conversations took place with members of their communities; and 249 auDIt-C assessments completed.8 experiences of getting involved in licensing were less commonly reported by aHCs, but individual stories highlighted examples where aHCs had reported issues to local licensing leads and had raised awareness of local licensing powers within the community. aHCs cited concerns about being publicly identifiable as a barrier to engagement in formal licensing processes.WHAT BenefiTS do AHCS rePorT?It was evident from early in the programme that there was considerable social value gained from becoming an aHC. Inspiring stories relating to the personal benefits to aHCs include: gaining permanent employment; increased confidence; developing positive, supportive friendships; widening social networks; reduced personal levels of alcohol use; and feeling good about making a difference. Indeed, one of the challenges experienced by local CICa co-ordinators has been retaining aHCs as they move on to utilise their new-found skills elsewhere, in training or employment.iniTiAL refLeCTionSWe are in the process of evaluating the impact CICa has on reducing alcohol harm within the communities where it was rolled out.7 We have learnt that CICa is a complex intervention to launch and embed into small communities, and have identified key barriers and facilitators which have affected the implementation, recruitment, training, and ongoing support of aHCs. It has become evident that the effective implementation of the aHC training, and integration of the role to deliver alcohol harm reduction activities into local plans is a process which needs time to bed in, facilitated by ongoing support from local commissioners. It is really pleasing that, two years after initial launch, five local authorities across GM continue to recruit and train aHCs. Locally, the value of aHCs is recognised with local co-ordinators inspired by their aHCs’ desire to tackle alcohol harm and the personal benefits to health and wellbeing gained by the aHCs themselves. More information about the role of aHCs is available at http://hub.salford.ac.uk/communities-in-charge-of-alcohol/alcohol-health-champions/. the CICa protocol is available at https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-018-5410-0.diSCLAiMerthe evaluation is funded by the National Institute for Health research (NIHr) Public Health Programme (Grant reference Number 15/129/03). the views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHr or the Department of Health and Social Care.orCid idSCathy ure  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5021-1947Margaret Coffey  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5837-5532This knowledge enables community members to build relationships with local licensing officers, have a voice, and influence licensing decisions locally90 Perspectives in Public Health l March 2020 Vol 140 No 2Featurereferences 1. World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. 2. Burton r, Henn C, Lavoie D et al. a rapid evidence review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alcohol control policies: an english perspective. The Lancet 2016;389(10078):1558–80. 3. McGrath M, reynolds J, Smolar M et al. Identifying opportunities for engaging the ‘community’ in local alcohol decision-making: a literature review and synthesis. Int J Drug Policy 2019;74:193–204. 4. Greater Manchester Combined authority. Communities encourages to help safeguard future generations from drug and alcohol harm, 2018. available online at: https://www.greatermanchester-ca.gov.uk/news/communities-encouraged-to-help-safeguard-future-generations-from-drug-and-alcohol-harm/ 5. Public Health england. A guide to community-centred approaches for health and wellbeing. London: Public Health england; 2015. 6. GOV.uK. Place based approaches for reducing health inequalities: main report, 2019. available online at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-inequalities-place-based-approaches-to-reduce-inequalities/place-based-approaches-for-reducing-health-inequalities-main-report (last accessed 7 November 2019). 7. Cook P, Hargreaves SC, Burns eJ et al. Communities in charge of alcohol (CICa): a protocol for a stepped-wedge randomised control trial of an alcohol health champion programme. BMC Public Health 2018;18: 522. 8. assets.publishing.service.gov.uk, 2019. available online at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/684826/alcohol_use_disorders_identification_test_for_consumption__auDIt_C_.pdf (last accessed 15 November 2019).

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Mobilising communities to address alcohol harm : an Alcohol Health Champion approach

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