Environmental conditions and yield of wheat and maize the area of Posavski canton (FBiH, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)

Abstract

Kukuruz i pšenica su najrasprostranjeniji usjevi u FBiH. Veliku ulogu u cjelokupnoj proizvodnji kukuruza i pšenice u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine ima Posavski kanton, iako je površinski najmanji kanton. Cilj ovoga rada je istražiti utjecaj vremenskih prilika, prvenstveno oborinski i temperaturni režim, na prinose kukuruza i pšenice u FBiH, naročito u Posavskom kantonu kroz desetogodišnje razdoblje od 2000. – 2009. godine. Prosječni prinos kukuruza bio je za 0,93 t/ha viši u Posavskom kantonu nego u FBiH, dok je prosječni prinos pšenice bio viši za 0,65 t/ha u kantonu nego u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine. Zapažene su velike značajne varijacije prinosa u pojedinim godinama. Prosječni prinosi kukuruza u Posavskom kantonu kretali su se od 3,72 t/ha do 6,06 t/ha, dok su se prosječni prinosi pšenice kretali od 2,15 t/ha do 4,63 t/ha. Za vrijeme sušnih i toplih godina uzgoja zabilježeni su najniži prinosi kukuruza, dok niži prinosi pšenice mogu biti posljedica kako suše i visokih temperatura tako i suviška vode.Maize and wheat are the most widespread field crops in FB&H. A great share of that production belongs to Posavina Canton, although it is the smallest one. The aim of this study was testing the impacts of weather conditions, primarily precipitation and air temperature regimes, on maize and wheat yields in FB&H and Posavina Canton during 2000-2009 decade period. Average maize yield was by 0.93 t ha-1 and wheat yield by 0.65 t ha-1 higher in Posavina Canton than in Federation. Considerable variation of grain yields among years is observed. Maize yield in Posavina Canton ranges from 3.72 to 6.06 t ha-1, while wheat yield fluctuated from 2.15 to 4.63 t ha-1 Crops yields were highly dependent on weather. In dry and warmer growing seasons the lowest maize yield was achieved, while wheat yield reducing, beside drought and too high temperatures, could be consequences of water surplus