Influence of irrigation, nitrogen fertilization and genotype on the yield and quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Abstract

Tijekom trogodišnjeg istraživanja (2013.-2015.) koje je provedeno na pokušalištu Poljoprivrednog Instituta Osijek istraživan je utjecaj navodnjavanja, gnojidbe dušikom i genotipa na prinos i kakvoću zrna soje (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Pokus je postavljen po split split plot metodi, u tri ponavljanja, gdje je glavni čimbenik bio tretman navodnjavanjem (A1 – kontrola, A2 – racionalno navodnjavanje, A3 – bogato navodnjavanje), podčimbenik - gnojidba dušikom (B1 – kontrola, bez gnojidbe dušikom; B2 – gnojidba sa 100 kg N ha-1 i B3 – gnojidba s 200 kg N ha-1) i pod podčimbenik - sorta (Lucija, Vita, Ika i Tena). Analizom varijance utvrđen je značajan utjecaj navodnjavanja na visinu prinosa, masu 1000 zrna i randman zrna kroz sve godine istraživanja, a na sadržaj bjelančevina i ulja u 2015. odnosno 2013. godini. Na masu 1000 zrna, hektolitarsku masu, sadržaj bjelančevina i ulja u 2013. godini i energiju klijanja u 2015. godini, gnojidba dušikom je imala značajan utjecaj, kao i na visinu prinosa u svim istraživanim godinama. Utjecaj genotipa je bio značajan za visinu prinosa, sadržaj vode u zrnu soje, masu 1000 zrna i randman zrna u svim godinama. Sadržaj bjelančevina i ulja je bio pod značajnim utjecajem genotipa u 2013. i 2014., odnosno u 2014. i 2015. godini. Energija klijanja i klijavost su varirale pod utjecajem genotipa u 2014. i 2015. godini istraživanja. Tijekom istraživanja su utvrđene brojne korelacije između fizikalnih i kemijskih svojstava zrna i visine prinosa. U 2013. godini prinos je slabo korelirao s hektolitarskom masom. Jake korelacije negativnog smjera utvrđene su između sadržaja ulja i prinosa zrna soje, hektolitarske mase, mase 1000 zrna i sadržaja bjelančevina. U 2014. godini utvrđene su jake korelacije pozitivnog smjera mase 1000 zrna s kemijskim svojstvima zrna soje, kao i slaba korelacija negativnog smjera između hektolitarske mase i sadržaja ulja. U 2015. godini prinos je pozitivno korelirao s masom 1000 zrna i sadržajem bjelančevina, a negativno sa sadržajem ulja. Kemijska svojstva zrna su u 2015. godini imali vrlo jaku korelaciju negativnog smjera.During three-year research period (2013-2015) carried out on the experiment fields of the Agricultural Institute of Osijek the effects of irrigation, nitrogen fertilization and genotype on the yield and quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were investigated. The experiment was set up by split- split--plot design in three repetitions with the irrigation treatment as a main factor (A1 – control, A2 – rational irrigation, A3 – abundant irrigation), nitrogen fertilization was the sub-factor (B1 – control, without nitrogen fertilization; B2 – fertilization with 100 kg N ha-1 and B3 – fertilization with 200 kg N ha-1) and the second sub-factor was the soybean variety (Lucija, Vita, Ika and Tena). Analysis of variance confirmed the significant influence of irrigation of the yield, mass of 1000 grains and soybean seed production output in all research years, as well as on the content of protein and oil in 2015 and 2013, respectively. Nitrogen fertilization had influence on the mass of 1000 grains, hectoliter mass, content of protein and oil in 2013, and on germination energy in 2015, as well as on the yield in all research years. The influence of genotype had significant effect on the yield, content of water in soybean grain, mass of 1000 grains and randman of soybean seed in all research years. The genotype has significantly influenced the protein content in 2013 and 2014 and the oil content in 2014 and 2015. Germination energy and germination varied under the influence of genotype in 2014 and 2015. During the research numerous correlations determined between physical and chemical properties of grain and yield. In 2013, the yield was in poor correlation with the hectoliter mass. Strong correlations of negative direction were determined between the oil content and yield of soybean, hectoliter mass, mass of 1000 grains and protein content. In 2014, strong correlations of positive direction were determined between the mass of 1000 grains and the chemical properties of soybean grain, as well as weak correlation of negative direction between the hectoliter mass and the oil content. In 2015, the soybean yield was in positive correlation with the mass of 1000 grains and the protein content, and in negative correlation with the oil content. In 2015, chemical properties of grain had a very strong correlation of negative direction