This paper presents the current status and future outlook of Traffic Management as a Service (TMaaS). TMaaS is an innovative web platform that provides a cloud-based vendor-neutral multimodal traffic management solution for small and medium-sized cities. Urban mobility data from several stakeholders and public service providers is integrated and visualized in a clean, intuitive and customizable interface for traffic operators and citizens

Gautama, Sidharta

Hendrikse, Suzanne

Semanjski, Ivana

Van Gheluwe, Casper

English

Ghent University Academic Bibliography

Geospatial Dashboards for Intelligent MultimodalTraffic ManagementCasper Van Gheluwe∗ †, Ivana Semanjski∗ †, Suzanne Hendrikse‡ and Sidharta Gautama∗ †∗ Dept. of Industrial Systems Engineering and Product Design, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium† Industrial Systems Engineering (ISyE), Flanders Make, www.FlandersMake.be‡ De Staatse Ruiter, Ghent, Belgium, www.destaatseruiter.beEmail: {casper.vangheluwe, ivana.semanjski, sidharta.gautama}@ugent.be, suzanne@destaatseruiter.beAbstract—This paper presents the current status and futureoutlook of Traffic Management as a Service (TMaaS). TMaaS isan innovative web platform that provides a cloud-based vendor-neutral multimodal traffic management solution for small andmedium-sized cities. Urban mobility data from several stakehold-ers and public service providers is integrated and visualized ina clean, intuitive and customizable interface for traffic operatorsand citizens.Index Terms—traffic management as a service, traffic man-agement, urban mobility, smart city, data integration, datavisualizationI. INTRODUCTIONIn recent years an increasing number of cities have consideredways to enhance their citizens’ mobility and their quality oflife, while simultaneously striving to reduce the number ofaccidents, the amount of traffic jams and pollution. Becauseof a lack of resources, in terms of personnel, budget orinfrastructure, small and medium-sized cities have not yet beenable to participate in this type of urban mobility management.Nevertheless, they also feel the need to better serve theircitizens’ mobility needs in the digital age.Even if the city can invest time, money and effort in trafficmanagement, they find that the existing solutions are predom-inantly focused on motorized traffic. These technologies aretherefore not entirely suitable to stimulate the use of publictransport or other sustainable alternatives [1].To bridge this gap, we introduce the Traffic Manage-ment as a Service (TMaaS) project, which aims to provide anew generation of interactive traffic management dashboardsfor the traffic operators, along with personalized mobility ser-vices for the citizens. By leveraging existing open geospatialdata from participating cities, potentially augmented with addi-tional data feeds from commercial parties or information fromdifferent levels of government, TMaaS provides an affordablesolution for small and medium-sized cities that are interestedin mobility management with minimal effort.The resulting platform aspires to be a flexible, lightweight,multimodal traffic management system. It aims to complementThis work was supported by the TMaaS project, realized in collaborationwith the city of Ghent. The project partners are Ghent University, Waylay,Be-Mobile, TomTom, De Staatse Ruiter, the European Passengers Federationand Mintlab (KU Leuven), TMaaS is co-financed by the European Re-gional and Development Fund through the Urban Innovative Actions Initiative.www.uia-initiative.euexisting traffic control centers so that larger cities that alreadymonitor or manage traffic flows can also benefit from TMaaS.It acts as a platform for real-time monitoring, long-term mo-bility analysis and communication with the citizens. The openarchitecture is designed to be data and vendor-independent.TMaaS has been implemented for the city of Ghent, Bel-gium (see Figure 1) and in the coming months the system willalso become operational in Antwerp (Belgium), Southwark(United Kingdom) and Duran (Ecuador). So far, the projecthas been awarded the CIVITAS Bold Measure Award 2018 [2]and the Belfius Smart Belgium Award 2019 [3].This work is structured as follows; in Section II, weintroduce the TMaaS project and its goals and requirements.Next, we introduce the Mobility Management as a Servicearchitecture that was developed to support TMaaS, followedby an explanation on the data sources, and more detail on theongoing experiments and results in Section V. Finally, we lookat the practical setup of the demonstration that we envisagefor PerCom 2020.II. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AS A SERVICETMaaS is a traffic management framework that was primarilydesigned for small and medium-sized cities. These cities withmore than 50.000 and less than 250.000 inhabitants [4],experience several problems with the traditional traffic man-agement approach. First, urban mobility has become quitecomplex, with multimodality and sustainability gaining im-portance, while current systems focus primarily on motorizedtraffic. Existing solutions also suffer from vendor lock-in anda lack of cross-compatibility. Finally, the high infrastructureand software costs, along with expensive and ambiguous datalicensing conditions are prohibitive for smaller cities.TMaaS therefore presents a considerable innovation intraffic management. It brings together a number of dataproviders, urban authorities, stakeholders, research institutionsand SME’s to collaborate on the development of the TMaaSdashboard.With limited investment, traffic managers will be able tohave a better awareness of the current traffic situation, tomonitor specific road segments and to act quickly in caseof disturbances. The operators can also validate, edit andremove traffic events in function of a fast, reliable and usefulcommunication towards citizens about mobility in their area ofinterest. Traffic events are geolocated points or road segmentswhere the typical traffic is disturbed, for example due tocar accidents or disruptions in public transport. The changesmade by the traffic managers will not only be visible in thedashboard, but also be forwarded to the data providers, sothat other services can also benefit from more accurate trafficincident data.Citizens, on the other hand, get access to tailored andcustomizable viewports on the TMaaS dashboard. These view-ports along with the personalized alerts are based on theirown mobility profile [5] that is generated based on 18 goldenquestions that were proposed by Anable et al. [6], allowcitizens to get an idea of potential problems that they mightface along their typical routes, and can help them to decidewhether they need to change their departure time or look foralternative means of transportation.A. RequirementsExtensive surveys of existing traffic management centers in6 cities of varying size and technical know-how around theworld, along with a set of co-creation workshops and usertests performed with citizens of Ghent, have shown that aneffective traffic management service must adhere to a numberof key requirements [7]. Some stakeholders consider certainrequirements more critical than others [8].For cities, it is important that new initiatives are maxi-mally compatible with existing solutions, so that authoritiesthat already have access to traffic management tools, datasets or smart city sensors can be accomodated. The TMaaSresearch teams have shown that an effective traffic manage-ment architecture must also be flexible enough to effectivelysupport them no matter how limited or extensive their trafficmanagement activities are (activities in traffic managementcenters range from solely traffic monitoring to full scale trafficmanagement).To cope with varying interest rates of citizens towards theplatform (e.g. during extreme weather events people are morelikely to check the viability of their commute in the morning),and different types and sizes of data, the system must bescalable to minimize latency and delays with data delivery.III. ARCHITECTURETo meet these requirements, TMaaS implements the MobilityManagement as a Service (MMaaS) framework [9]. The archi-tecture is composed of four layers that exhibit different datacharacteristics. In Level 0 (L0), data that enters the frameworkfirst passes a licensing check and a couple of pre-processingsteps that ensure that the data quality can be guaranteed to thestandards required by the urban authorities.The data is standardized in Level 1 (L1). There, it isconverted into one of the generic acceptable data formats. Thecurrent list of data formats is extensible, and should enablethe integration of additional well-defined transportation datasets later. Data that was marked as license-encumbered canbe processed by a neutral third party, who accomodates therequests of any commercial party, respecting their licensingrules. The licensing information propagates up the chain alongwith data quality information. The output of these standard-ization processes is made available through APIs so that it canused by external data consumers, such as local app developersor logistics companies.A number of data integration and analysis tools exist inLevel 2 (L2), which are used to intelligently join or augmentdata sets to create new insights that are useful to citizensor traffic managers. The results of these analyses can alsobe retrieved by external parties via APIs, provided that thelicensing rules allow sharing this information.At the highest level (L3), the data and insights are visualizedon intuitive and flexible dashboards. Personal views can beprovided based on the preferences of the citizens or theoperators, and the system also allows to uniformly visualizedata from different providers and commercial parties on asingle map view. The analytics, combined with informationabout the citizens can also be used to dynamically generatepersonal alerts that advise them about alternative routes ortransport modes for their commute to work, for example.Participating cities can also opt to link certain commu-nication channels to the application. This communicationcan potentially work in two directions; it allows citizens tocontact them to report issues on the road (e.g. potholes ortraffic congestion), while simultaneously allowing operatorsto inform all citizens of major disturbances, such as publictransport strikes or heavy snowfall.Fig. 1. An example of a TMaaS end user view (Ghent, Belgium) at the timeof the first prototype.IV. DATA SOURCESA large amount of data from various sources and stakeholdersis retrieved, stored and augmented for visualization on theTMaaS dashboard. The Ghent Open Data Platform providespoint information on bicycle services along with the locationand live occupancy of car and bicycle parking garages [10].TomTom, Waze and Be-Mobile provide travel times alongspecific routes and traffic incident information using the DA-TEX II format [11] with OpenLR encoding [12]. The localpublic transport providers can provide real time data on busor train delays via GTFS(-RT) or NETEX. Several data setsthat provide the live availability and location of local car andbike sharing providers have also been integrated. The publicroad authorities have provided live speed and vehicle countdata from counting loops in and around Ghent. This data ismade available for visualization and for re-use by interestedexternal parties through a number of public APIs.V. PROTOTYPESOver the course of the TMaaS project, four iterations ofthe tool are being developed. The first research prototype,which was released in early July of 2019, was used solelyby Ghentian traffic operators. A second prototype, which wasreleased in December 2019, focuses primarily on the citizens.The third prototype, which will be released in Q1 2020 willcombine the aspects developed for the traffic operators withthose developed for the citizens. Finally, the fourth prototypewill enable TMaaS for the three aforementioned replicatorcities and will be released later in 2020.A. First prototypeThe first prototype of the TMaaS dashboard was tested bytraffic managers during the Ghent Festival, a yearly eventthat takes place within the inner city, drawing roughly 1.5million visitors over a period of 10 days. In the past, the trafficoperators used a variety of different tools and applicationsfrom different providers to manage the car traffic. The goalof the first testing phase was therefore to see whether theywere able to use the TMaaS platform to more effectively andintuitively manage a more diverse set of transportation modes.To evaluate this, the traffic operators logged their actions onthe TMaaS dashboard and filled out a document with issuesthey encountered, along with potential improvements that theyenvisaged.At the time of this prototype, we had incorporated 17different data sources, ranging from TomTom traffic eventsto live availability of bike sharing facilities in Ghent. Thisdata was visualized in 26 widgets and KPIs (Key Perfor-mance Indicators), spread over 3 thematic viewports and alsoon relevant map layers. The response to the first prototypewas generally positive. 74 issues and suggestions of varyingpriority (21 high, 23 medium and 30 low) were logged by 5traffic managers. The TMaaS dashboard was stable and thetraffic operators experienced no technical difficulties duringthe test phase. The operators reported that the map viewneeded improvements to clearly show the severity of trafficincidents, that certain data feeds refreshed too infrequently andthat the dashboard viewports provided in the prototype werenot flexible enough. These deficiencies have been resolved forthe second prototype.B. Second prototypeThe second prototype, which is still under development at thetime of writing, will enable more advanced functionalities forthe citizens of Ghent. Their default dashboard viewport willbe tailored to their mobility behavior, so that public transportdependants are not informed of car parking occupancies, forexample. The citizen can alter their default dashboard byadding or removing widgets as desired. Additionally, they willreceive notifications if disturbances occur along their frequentroutes. Additional surveys will be carried out to ensure thatthe provided functionality aligns with the needs of the endusers during the second test phase.VI. PRACTICAL SETUPAt PERCOM 2020, we will demonstrate the capabilities ofthe TMaaS framework in terms of data integration, dataaggregation and data visualization. One of the goals of TMaaSis also to provide flexible, personalized dashboards for citizens.Therefore, people will be able to experiment with ourpersonalization tools. At the booth, we will demonstrate theonline TMaaS dashboard for Ghent. Interested visitors willalso be able to create their own personalized dashboard, basedon their mobility profile.REFERENCES[1] D. Gillis, A. J. Lopez, and S. Gautama, “WP7 - Requirements for datacollection for traffic management,” p. 8, feb 2019. [Online]. Available:https://drive.tmaas.eu/nl/download/3130/[2] CIVITAS, “CIVITAS Awards 2018,” 2018. [Online]. Available:http://civitas.eu/award/civitas-awards-2018[3] Belfius, “Winnaars 2018 - Belfius Smart Belgium,” 2019. [Online].Available: https://smartbelgium.belfius.be/winnaars-2018/[4] L. Dijkstra and H. Poelman, “Cities in Europe: the New OECD-ECDefinition,” Regional Focus, vol. 1, p. 5, 2012.[5] I. Semanjski, A. J. L. Aguirre, J. De Mol, and S. Gautama, “Policy 2.0platform for mobile sensing and incentivized targeted shifts in mobilitybehavior,” Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 16, no. 7, p. 1035, jul 2016.[Online]. Available: http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/1035[6] J. Anable and S. Wright, “Golden Questions and Social Marketing Guid-ance Report,” University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK, Tech. Rep. [On-line]. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/projects/sites/iee-projects/files/projects/documents/segment golden questions en.pdf[7] D. Gillis, A. J. Lopez, and S. Gautama, “WP7 - Requirements fordata collection for traffic management,” pp. 71–75, feb 2019. [Online].Available: https://drive.tmaas.eu/nl/download/3130/[8] D. Grandsart, E. Marlier, D. Geerts, K. Sanders, S. Gautama, D. Gillis,and A. J. Lopez, “TMaaS: an innovative, multimodal and user-centredapproach to traffic management,” pp. 10–15, nov 2019. [Online].Available: https://drive.tmaas.eu/nl/download/3113/[9] I. Semanjski, S. Gautama, and S. Hendrikse, “Traffic Management asa Service,” in Proceedings of the 26th ITS World Congress, Singapore,oct 2019.[10] Stad Gent and Digipolis, “ODP — Open Data Portaal,” 2019. [Online].Available: https://data.stad.gent/[11] CEN Technical Committee 278, “Specifications - DATEX II,” 2011.[Online]. Available: https://datex2.eu/datex2/specifications[12] TomTom International B.V. and Deutsches Zentrum fuerLuft-und Raumfahrt e. V., “OpenLR: White Paper,”Tech. Rep., 2012. [Online]. Available: https://www.openlr-association.com/fileadmin/user upload/openlr-whitepaper v1.5.pdf

Geospatial dashboards for intelligent multimodal traffic management

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Geospatial dashboards for intelligent multimodal traffic management

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