In 2011, Moreau et al. reported in Biological Psychiatry findings concerning patterns of microRNA (miRNA) expression in postmortem samples from prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 9) from the Stanley Medical Research Institute (SMRI) (Chevy Chase, Maryland). They used advanced statistical techniques and miRNA assays by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan probes; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California) for the canonical sequences in early versions of miRBase (http://www.mirbase.org/). All demographics, sample processing, and data analysis steps were carefully described in their article. The main conclusion was that certain miRNAs were distinguished in comparisons of samples from unaffected control subjects versus samples from subjects with schizophrenia and versus samples from subjects with bipolar disorder. They identified 24 miRNAs in particular with distinctive fold changes [Figure 1 in Moreau et al. (1)]
