Integration of diverse approaches may offer paths to meeting population health challenges, such as how to provide ongoing diabetes self-management support to the 387 million people with the disease around the world. The Affordable Care Act challenges us to improve the health of whole populations, with an eye toward chronic diseases in particular. The centrality of highly variable human behavior provides enormous challenges to managing populations of those with chronic diseases. It requires reorienting resources within the health care system to address ongoing, effortful, and complex behaviors of patients amid strong competing priorities
