OBJECTIVE—To compare perinatal outcomes between self-identified Hispanic and non-
Hispanic white women with mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or glucose intolerance.
METHODS—In a secondary analysis of a mild GDM treatment trial, we compared perinatal
outcomes by race and ethnicity for 767 women with glucose intolerance (abnormal 50g 1-hour
screen, normal 100g 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]), 371 women with mild GDM
assigned to usual prenatal care, and 397 women with mild GDM assigned to treatment. Outcomes
included: composite adverse perinatal outcome (neonatal death, hypoglycemia,
hyperbilirubinemia, hyperinsulinemia; stillbirth; birth trauma), gestational age at delivery,
birthweight, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Adjusted regression models included: 100g
3-hour OGTT results; parity; gestational age, body mass index, maternal age at enrollment; and
current tobacco use.
RESULTS—The sample of 1535 women was 68.3% Hispanic and 31.7% non-Hispanic White.
Among women with glucose intolerance, Hispanic women had more frequent composite outcome
(37% vs. 27%, aOR 1.62 95%CI 1.10, 2.37), with more neonatal elevated C-cord peptide (19% vs.
13%, aOR 1.79 95%CI 1.04, 3.08) and neonatal hypoglycemia (21% vs. 13%, aOR 2.04 95%CI
1.18, 3.53). Among women with untreated mild GDM, outcomes were similar by race/ethnicity.
Among Hispanic women with treated mild GDM, composite outcome was similar to non-Hispanic White women (35% vs. 25%, aOR 1.62 95% CI 0.92, 2.86), but Hispanic neonates had more
frequent hyperinsulinemia (21% vs. 10%, aOR 2.96 95%CI 1.33, 6.60).
CONCLUSION—Individual components of some neonatal outcomes were more frequent in
Hispanic neonates, but most perinatal outcomes were similar between Hispanic and non-Hispanic
ethnic groups
