Duran, Juan

Fine, Ben

SOAS Research Online

FIGURE 1. NARCO-PARAMILITARY PRESENCE IN COLOMBIA BY STATES  1991   1994   1997   2002    Source: Authors based on the files of the Judicial Process for Justice and Peace of the Attorney General’s Office  FIGURE 2. PARAMILITARY PRESENCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS BY TYPE AND STATE. 1994, 1997, AND 2002 PARAMILITARY DISPLACED   TORTURES  MURDERS PRESENCE  PERSONS 1994:     1997:     2002     RANGES:     Source: Authors based on the Judicial Process for Justice and Peace of the Attorney General’s Office and the National Registry of Victims.  FIGURE 3. VICTIMS OF THE “CONFLICT” FROM ALL TYPES OF CRIMES BY YEAR. BEFORE 1985-2010  Source: Authors based on National Registry of Victims, June 2015. With Paramilitary PresenceWithout Paramilitary Presence0 - 1,0061,006 - 2,8172,817 - 5,5455,545 - 13,57613,576 - 82,070 > 82,0700 - 22 - 88 - 2121 - 4545 - 71 > 710 - 2121 - 420420 - 1,1051,105 - 2,5932,593 - 15,931 > 15,9310100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000800,000before 198519851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010FIGURE 4. NUMBER OF NARCO-PARAMILITARY GROUPS AND NUMBER OF VICTIMS BETEEEN 1993-1999 (LEFT), SCATTER RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VICTIMS* AND PARAMILITARY GROUPS. 1986-1999 (RIGHT)   Source: Authors based on the Observatory of Human Rights (2010)* and National Registry of Victims (2015).   FIGURE 5. VICTIMS BY TYPE OF VIOLENCE AND BY PERPETRATOR IN COLOMBIA.   *Data between 1980 and 2012 ** Data between 1997 and 2013 Source: Group for Historical Memory (2012)  01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,000050,000100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000350,0001993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999All Victims Paramailitary Groups01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,00010,0000 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,00058.8% 61.0%63.0%38.0% 35.7%8.0% 7.4%10.0% 10.1%42.0%17.3% 17.6%5.0%16.0%2.3%0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0%Massacres* Civilians Murdered inMassacres*Torture* Targeted Killed* ForcedDissapearances **Paramilitaries State Forces GuerrillasFIGURE 6. ACTS AGAINST CIVILIANS BY TYPE OF CRIME. BEFORE 1985-2015  Source: Authors based on National Registry of Victims, June 2015  FIGURE 7. COMPARISON BETWEEN THE VOTING FOR CONGRESSMEN ELECTED WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF DRUG-DEALERS IN 1994 AND IN 2002, 2006  Source: Authors based on López (2010)   Forced Dissapearances2% Threats3%Homicides12%Displacements80%No Information Land Abandonment Minors in the ArmiesTorture Acts against Sexual Integrity LandminesKidnapping Terrorist Acts Loss of real or personal propertyForced Dissapearances Threats HomicidesDisplacements0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%1994 2002 and 200612%34%8%25%Congress Seats Share in Total VotingFIGURE 8. NARCO-PARAMILITARY VOTING BETWEEN 1998 AND 20010 IN COLOMBIA 1998    2002    2006    2010     RANGES    Source: Authors based on Judicial Processes and the National Registry of the Civil State. Narco-paramilitary votes were calculated following these steps. First, Congressmen, Mayors, and Governors who have been already found guilty for their linkages with paramilitaries were identified according to the files of Judicial Process for Justice and Peace. Second, number of votes by city and state of each of these politicians were counted according to the National Registry for the Civil State in Colombia.   00 - 184184 - 29,45929,459 - 420,000Narco-parapoliticians VotingFIGURE 9. NARCO-VOTING (RIGHT), AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS (LEFT) IN COLOMBIA. 1998–2010  Source: Authors based on National Registry of National State and National Unit of Victims.  FIGURE 10. GRAPHICAL DEPICTION OF COLOMBIA’S PRODUCT EXPORTS IN 28 COLOUR-CODED CATEGORIES, 2009  Source: MIT/Harvard Atlas for Economic Complexity. (Haussmann and Hidalgo et al, 2009)   150,000250,000350,000450,000550,000650,000150,000350,000550,000750,000950,0001,150,0001,350,0001,550,0001,750,0001,950,000Narco-voting tendency Human Rights ViolationsFIGURE 11. NUMBER OF STATES WITH PALM OIL IN COLOMBIA, 1990–2010  Source: Minister of Agriculture. (AGRONET).  FIGURE 12. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HECTARES SOWN OF PALM OIL* AND INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN COLOMBIA, 1990-2010  Source: Minister of Agriculture (AGRONET)* and National Unit of Victims.   9 910 10 109 9 9 9 910 10111315141517 17 1719791113151719211990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920100100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000800,00080,000130,000180,000230,000280,000330,000199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010Hectares Palm Oil DisplacementsFIGURE 13, RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MINING AND ENERGY EXPORTS (IN TONS)* AND INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN COLOMBIA, 1990-2010  Source: Author based on UPM (2011: 23)*, and National Registry of Victims (2015).  References/Sources Group for Historical Memory (2012). (Centre for Historical Memory). Justice and Peace. Land and Territories from the Perspectives of Paramilitaries. National Commission for Reparation. Colombia. Haussmann, R., et al (2009). Electronic Complexity Observatory, MIT Media Lab and the Center for International Development. In: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia#/media/File:Tree_map_export_2009_Colombia.jpeg. Last seen: July 28, 2015. López, Claudia, et al (2010). Y refundaron la patria… De cómo mafiosos y políticos reconfiguraron el Estado colombiano. Bogota: Random House Mondadori. National Registry of Victims (2015). Registro Único de Víctimas. Unidad de Victimas. Red Nacional de Información. In: http://rni.unidadvictimas.gov.co/RUV. Last seen: March 30, 2017 Observatory of Human Rights. Vice-Presidency of the Republic of Colombia (2010). Panorama de los Grupos de Autodefensa. (Paramilitary Groups Panorama). In: http://historico.derechoshumanos.gov.co/Observatorio/Publicaciones/Documents/2010/Temas/autoespa/index.htm. Last seen: June 26, 2015. 199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010050001000015000200002500030000350004000045000500000100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000DISPLACED PERSONS MINING AND ENERGY EXPORTS

The Social Capital of Colombia: Violence and beyond, Accompanying Figures

http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/25311/1/fine-juansc-figs-final.pdf

The Social Capital of Colombia: Violence and beyond, Accompanying Figures

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