Ten new triterpenoids, camphoratins A–J (1–10), along with 12 known compounds were isolated from the fruiting body of Taiwanofungus camphoratus. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Compound 10 is the first example of a naturally occurring ergosteroid with an unusual cis-C/D ring junction. Compounds 2–6 and 11 showed moderate to potent cytotoxicity with EC50 values ranging from 0.3 to 3 μM against KB and KB-VIN human cancer cell lines. Compounds 6, 10, 11, 14–16, 18, and 21 exhibited anti-inflammatory NO-production inhibition activity with IC50 values of less than 5 μM, which was more potent than the nonspecific NOS inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)
