In the classical framework of Indian philosophy, the different schools of thought agree on the fact that the correctness of an inference relies on a special universal relation standing between the probans, or evidence-property, and the probandum, or target-property. In this framework, there is a controversy between Buddhist and Jain philosophers concerning the characteristics of this universal relation. This article presents this controversy as developed in the Pariksamukham, the Introduction to Philosophical Investigation, an epistemological treatise written by the Digambara monk Manikyanandi (9th c.)
