With the concluding words of her plenary talk at the 2016 Society for Maternal–Fetal Medi-cine Annual Meeting – ‘I wouldn’t advise my daughter take vaginal progesterone’ – had Jane Norman and the OPPTIMUM team placed a proverbial nail in the coffin of the only class of medication routinely used for the prevention of preterm birth (PTB)? For practitioners in a field with tragically few effective interventions, it is imperative that we cast a critical eye on even the most robust randomized controlled trial (RCT)