Cancer has been linked to HIV since the earliest days of the
epidemic. The unusually frequent occurrence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS)
among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 1981 was a sentinel
observation leading to the inclusion of KS in the first AIDS case
definition.1,2 More than three decades later, major research investments
have led to striking advances in understanding HIV pathogenesis,
with antiretroviral therapy (ART) reducing AIDS complications
and allowing HIV-infected individuals to experience life expectancy
approaching that of persons without HIV
