Optics Compensation for Variable-gap Undulator Systems at FLASH

Abstract

Variable-gap undulator systems are widely used in storage rings and linear accelerators to generate soft- and hard x-ray radiation for the photon science community. For cases where the effect of undulator focusing significantly changes the electron beam optics, a compensation is needed in order to keep the optics constant in other parts of the accelerator. Since 2010, the free-electron laser (FEL) facility FLASH is equipped with two undulator sections along the same electron beamline. The first undulator is a variable-gap system used for seeding experiments, the second undulator is a fixed-gap system which serves the user facility with FEL radiation. Varying the gap in the first undulator will change the beam optics such that the FEL process in the second undulator is dramatically disturbed. For the correction of the beam optics an analytical model is used to generate feed forward tables which allows to make part of the beamline indiscernible for the subsequent sections. The method makes use of the implicit function theorem and can be used for any perturbation of the beam optics. Here, we present the method and its implementation as well as measurements performed at FLASH

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