The analysis of the electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields influence on microorganisms is a very popular research topic, since these fields could potentially act as stressors and affect the microbial metabolism and survival. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the low frequency magnetic field (MF) with scan regime from 10 Hz to 50 Hz on S. cerevisiae respiration. The experiment was performed in five replicates and monitored using the Micro-Oxymax® respirometer. All five experiments showed lower cumulative O2 consumption in MF exposed samples, compared to the control sample and inconsistent cumulative CO2 production. However, these differences in O2 consumption and CO2 production were statistically significant. Even though additional experiments are necessary, these results strongly suggest that this is a good basis for further investigation in this field.Ispitivanje uticaja električnog, magnetnog i elektromagnetnog polja na mikroorganizme je
veoma aktuelni predmet istrazivanja, jer ova fizička polja potencijalno deluju kao faktori
stresa i tako utiču na mikrobni metabolizam, ponašanje i preživljavanje. U ovom radu
ispitivan je uticaj niskofrekventnog magnetnog polja (MP) sa konstantnim intervalom
skeniranja od 10 do 50 Hz na respiraciju ćelija kvasca, S. cerevisiae. Eksperiment je rađen u
pet ponavljanja i praćen Micro-Oxymax® respirometrom. Kumulativna potrošnja kiseonika
je bila manja kod ćelija izloženih MP u svih pet ponavljanja, dok je produkcija CO2 bila
nekonzistentna. Međutim, ove razlike u potrošnji O2 i produkciji CO2 su statistički značajne.
Iako su dodatna ispitivanja neophodna, dobijeni rezultati ovih inicijalnih eksperimenata
predstavljaju dobru osnovu za dalja istraživanja u ovoj oblasti.Related to: [http://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3288

Beškoski, Vladimir

Bubanja, Itana Nuša

Gojgić-Cvijović, Gordana

Lješević, Marija

Lončarević, Branka

Stanisavljev, Dragomir

Velikić, Zoran

English

 CER - Central Repository of the Institute of Chemistry;  Technology and Metallurgy


Srpsko hemijsko društvo 
  
Serbian Chemical Society 
 
56. SAVETOVANJE  
SRPSKOG HEMIJSKOG 
DRUŠTVA 
 
KNJIGA  
RADOVA 
 
 
 
56th MEETING OF  
THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 
 
Proceedings 
 
 
 
Niš 7. i 8. juni 2019. 
Niš, Serbia, June 7-8, 2019  
CIP- Кɚɬɚɥɨɝɢɡɚɰɢјɚ ɭ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢјɢ 
ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ ɋɪɛɢјɟ 
 
54(082)(0.034.2) 
577.1(082)(0.034.2) 
66(082)(0.034.2) 
66.017/.018(082)(0.034.2) 
502/504(082)(0.034.2) 
 
ɋɊɉɋКɈ ɯɟɦɢјɫɤɨ ɞɪɭшɬɜɨ. ɋɚɜɟɬɨɜɚњɟ (56 ; 2019 ; ɇɢш) 
    KnjiРa raНova [ElОktronski iгvorЖ = ProcООНinРs / 56. savОtovanjО SrpskoР СОmijskoР Нruštva, Niš, 7. i 8. 
juni 2019. = 56tС MООtinР oП tСО SОrbian CСОmical SociОtв, Niš, SОrbia, JunО 7-8, 2019 ; [urednici, editors 
Dušan SlaНić, Niko RaНulović, Aleksandar Dekanski]. - BОoРraН : Srpsko СОmijsko Нruštvo = SОrbian 
Chemical Society, 2019 (Beograd : Razvojno-istraživački cОntar РraПičkoР inžОnjОrstva TMF). - 1 elektronski 
optički Нisk (CD-ROM) ; 12 cm 
 
Sistemski zahtevi: Nisu navedeni. - Dostupno i na: www.shd.org.rs/56shd.pdf. - Nasl. sa naslovne strane 
dokumenta. - TОkst ćir. i lat. - Tiraž 6. - Bibliografija uz svaki rad. - Abstracts ; Apstrakti. - Registar. 
 
ISBN 978-86-7132-074-0 
 
ɚ) Хɟɦɢјɚ -- Ɂɛɨɪɧɢɰɢ ɛ) Бɢɨɯɟɦɢјɚ -- Ɂɛɨɪɧɢɰɢ ɜ) Tɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢјɚ -- Ɂɛɨɪɧɢɰɢ ɝ) ɇɚɭɤɚ ɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢјɚɥɢɦɚ -- 
Ɂɛɨɪɧɢɰɢ ɞ) ɀɢɜɨɬɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɚ -- Ɂɛɨɪɧɢɰɢ 
 
COBISS.SR-ID 276611852 
 
 
56. SAVETOVANJE SRPSKOG HEMIJSKOG DRUŠTVA  
Niš, 7. i 8. juni 2019. 
KNJIGA RADOVA 
56th MEETING OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY  
Niši Sad, Serbia, June 7-8, 2019 
PROCEEDINGS 
 
Izdaje / Published by 
Srpsko hemijsko društvo / Serbian Chemical Society 
Karnegijeva 4/III, 11000 Beograd, Srbija 
tel./fax: +381 11 3370 467; www.shd.org.rs, E-mail: Office@shd.org.rs  
 
Za izdavača / For Publisher 
Vesna Mišković STANKOVIĆ, predsednik Društva 
 
Urednici / Editors 
Dušan SLADIĆ 
Niko RADULOVIĆ 
Aleksandar DEKANSKI 
 
Dizajn korica, slog i kompjuterska obrada teksta  
Cover Design, Page Making and Computer Layout  
Aleksandar DEKANSKI 
 
OnLine publikacija / OnLine publication 
www.shd.org.rs/56shd.pdf  
 
ISBN 978-86-7132-074-0 
 
  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ova knjiga sadrži 20 radova  
(obima od najmanje četiri stranice) 
pojedinih saopštenja prezentovanih na  
56. savetovanju Srpskog hemijskog društva.  
 
 
This book contains 20 Proceedings  
of some of the contributions presented at  
the 56th Meeting of the Serbian Chemical Society. 
 
 
FH P 2 TR 56. savetovanje SHD / 56th SCS Meeting 
Niš, Srbija, 7-8. juni 2019. 24 
The influence of the low frequency magnetic field with scan regime from 
10 Hz to 50 Hz on Saccharomyces cerevisiae respiration 
BƌaŶka LoŶčaƌeǀić, Maƌija Lješeǀić, ItaŶa Nuša BuďaŶja*, Vladiŵiƌ Beškoski**,  
GoƌdaŶa Gojgić-Cǀijoǀić, )oƌaŶ Velikić***, Dragomir Stanisavljev* 
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy,  
University of Belgrade, Njegošeǀa ϭϮ, Belgƌade, “eƌďia 
*Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16,  
Belgrade, Serbia  
**Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia 
***University of Belgrade, Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics and 
Optical Metrology, Zemun, Serbia 
 
Introduction  
Over the years, due to the fast technological development, our environment has become 
more and more influenced by man-made low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs). 
Therefore, it is not surprising that this increasing exposure of the population in everyday 
life to EMFs has earned such a wide public interest. Recently, the effects of electric fields 
(EFs), magnetic fields (MFs) or EMFs on different microbes have become a very popular 
topic since the mentioned physical fields could potentially act as stress factors and thus 
affect the survival of the microbial cells as well as their metabolism and behavior.1 
Many authors have investigated the influence of an MF on different eukaryote and 
prokaryote organisms. Among eucaryote organisms, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae2-5 has 
become the most significant model to investigate the influence of static and a low 
frequency MF. This is mostly because S. cerevisiae has well-characterized metabolic and 
genetic properties but also because of their similarity in the molecular mechanisms of 
basic cellular processes with numerous eukaryotic species. On the other hand, the 
influence of a low frequency MF has also been investigated on Enterococcus faecalis1, 
Escherichia coli6and other prokaryote organisms7.  
Considering the results available in the literature, a static magnetic field (SMF) or a 50 Hz 
low frequency MF were usually used to investigate effects on various microbial cells. 
Novak et al.2 investigated the influence of the 50 Hz MF (10 mT) on the growth of S. 
cerevisiae. Based on the serial dilution method and measurements of the optical density 
at wavelengths of 570 and 620 nm, the authors concluded that an MF decreases the 
number of yeast cells, and slows down their growth.2 Similarly to the work of Novak and 
coworkers, Ruiz-Gomez et al.3 studied the influence of long-term exposure to static (0 Hz) 
and 50 Hz sinusoidal MF (0.35 mT and 2.45 mT) on the growth of S. cerevisiae by 
measuring the optical density of the suspension at 600 nm. In this study, a 50 Hz MF was 
induced by a pair of Helmholtz coils, while in the paper of Novak et al. a 50 Hz MF was 
induced in a cylindrical coil (0.35 mT and 2.45 mT). Contrary to Novak et al., Ruiz-Gomez et 
al. concluded that neither a static nor 50 Hz sinusoidal MF could induce alterations in the 
growth of S. cerevisiae. These papers represent only one example among many others 
available in the literature with conflicting results of the bio-effects of the applied MFs. 
Possible reasons for this could be the use of different cell types, MF exposure protocols, 
intensities, frequencies and others. Besides static and 50 Hz MF examinations on the S. 
FH P 2 TR 56. savetovanje SHD / 56th SCS Meeting 
Niš, Srbija, 7-8. juni 2019. 25 
cerevisiae cell growth by the optical density measurements, many authors also studied the 
effects of an MF on ethanolic fermentation4 by S. cerevisiae as well as he effects of MF ex-
posure on genome-wide gene expression5. 
To the best of our knowledge, in one of our recently published studies, within 55th 
Meeting of the Serbian Chemical Society, in Novi Sad, Serbia, for the first time, a low 
frequency MF with frequency scan interval 10-1000 Hz was used rather than some 
particular frequency.8 In our previously published paper8 the influence of an MF on yeast 
cells was examined by measuring respiration activity with a powerful Micro-OǆǇŵaǆ® 
respirometer. The paired two sample one-tail T-test showed statistically important 
differences between the control sample and the sample exposed to a 10-1000 Hz MF for 
cumulative O2 consumption which suggested that the applied scan regime of a low 
frequency MF could influence yeast cell respiration activity. However, inconsistency of the 
results was found in cumulative CO2 production.8 Considering most results available in the 
literature where a static or 50 Hz MF was examined, the potential explanation of why the 
cumulative CO2 production was inconsistent could be that different frequencies have an 
opposite effect on respiration. Therefore, in this paper we narrowed the scan frequency 
interval down to 10-50 Hz. Besides, when 10-1000 Hz was studied, control and MF 
samples were not stirred. The lack of mechanical stirring, and relatively large CO2 
solubility, could lead to unequal CO2 release from the solution which was supported only 
by the diffusion through the solution. Therefore, in order to obtain a better regularity for 
cumulative CO2 production in this investigation both control and MF samples were stirred 
with the rate of 300 rpm.  
 
Experimental part 
Prior to the experiment, S. cerevisiae was grown on the malt extract agar. In order to 
prolong log phase of cell division which will be monitored in the experiments, the diluted 
(1:1) Sabouraud dextrose broth (SBD) was inoculated with overnight culture suspension. All 
the experiments were performed in pair: control (CC) and magnetic field exposed cells 
(MFEC) and lasted 24 h (Fig 1). As can be noticed from Figure 1, CC and MFEC bottles were 
installed in a glass water recirculation jacket and were mutually connected in line with a 
thermostat in order to minimize possible temperature differences between the samples. 
Also, both samples were mixed with a magnet and magnetic stirrer with stirring rate of 
300 rpm. 
A low frequency MF was generated inside of a Cu-coil which was wrapped around one 
bottle together with recirculation jacket. An arbitrary function generator was used to set 
up a scan regime interval from 10 Hz to 50 Hz and a scanning time interval of 100 s. An 
amplifier was used to set up a maximal effective current trough the coil (2 A which 
corresponds to magnetic induction of 33 mT), and an oscilloscope was used to control 
changes in the effective current during frequency scanning. 
The respiration activity (cumulative O2 consumption and cumulative CO2 production) of CC 
and MFEC was continuously measured by a twelve-channel Micro-OǆǇŵaǆ® ƌespiƌoŵeteƌ 
(Columbus Instruments, USA). All of the experiments were  performed   in two light-proof  
5 mL glass bottles with 3 mL of the inoculated SBD  medium. The constant temperature 
of (28.0 ± Ϭ.ϭͿ °C ǁas ŵaiŶtaiŶed ďǇ the theƌŵostat ;Julaďo, нϭϮ ‘efƌigeƌated/рeatiŶg 
Circulator, Germany). The cumulative O2 consumption and cumulative CO2 production (mL) 
FH P 2 TR 56. savetovanje SHD / 56th SCS Meeting 
Niš, Srbija, 7-8. juni 2019. 26 
were measured every 20 min during 24 h and the experiments were performed in five 
replicates.  
 
Figure 1. Schematic view of the experimental setup. 
 
It is important to stress out that before all of the experiments, where the influence of an 
MF on yeast cells was examined, the experimental setup was tested to respirometer 
reading without an MF. In an ideal case, the cumulative O2 consumption and cumulative 
CO2 production should be the same in both sample vessels when an MF is turned off. 
However, all five test experiments without an MF showed that a small difference between 
two vessels exists. Therefore, in order to perform proper interpretation of the results 
when an MF is applied, these small differences were taken into account. From mean 
values (obtained from five replicates) a correction factor was calculated. For the 
cumulative O2 consumption the correction factor is 1 and for the cumulative CO2 
production it is equal to 0.69. The obtained correction factors were used to adjust the 
values of the respirometer reading obtained in all MF experiments. 
 
Results and discussion  
In this paper the influence of the low frequency MF with scan regime 10-50 Hz on yeast 
cells respiration was examined. As mentioned in the Experimental part, the cumulative O2 
consumption and cumulative CO2 production were monitored in CC and MFEC during 24 h.  
The changes of the cumulative O2 consumption and cumulative CO2 production in CC and 
MFEC over exposure time, obtained in all five repeated experiments, are given in Figure 2. 
FH P 2 TR 56. savetovanje SHD / 56th SCS Meeting 
Niš, Srbija, 7-8. juni 2019. 27 
It can be noticed that in both the MFEC and CC cumulative the O2 consumption decreases 
linearly over time, while the cumulative CO2 production increases very slowly up to the 
15th hour after which it immediately increases until it reaches saturation limit. Besides, 
Figure 2a. demonstrates that in all five replicates the cumulative O2 consumption was 
slightly lower in MFEC in comparison to CC. However, the cumulative CO2 production was 
higher in MFEC in four experiments while in only one experiment the cumulative CO2 
production showed somewhat lower values in MFEC (Figure 2b.).  
 
 
Figure 2. Experimentally obtained cumulative O2 consumption in mL (a) and cumulative CO2 
production in mL (b) over 24 h for MF frequency range 10 - 50 Hz and samples stirring rate 
of 300 rpm. Gray curve corresponds to changes obtained in CC while the black curve 
represents changes of the O2 and CO2 in MFEC. 
 
The obtained results were statistically analyzed using the paired two sample one tail T-
test, and the cumulative values for both O2 and CO2 in the 20th h were used. It should be 
emphasized that the mentioned calculated normative factors were taken into 
FH P 2 TR 56. savetovanje SHD / 56th SCS Meeting 
Niš, Srbija, 7-8. juni 2019. 28 
consideration during the determination of statistical differences. As is well-known, the 
paired two sample one-tail T-test considers whether observed differences between two 
samples are significant or whether they could be explained just by random variations. By 
the most commonly used criteria, if the calculated probability is equal or smaller than 5 %, 
the differences are considered statistically significant. The calculated probabilities for the 
cumulative O2 consumption and cumulative CO2 production are 2 % and 5 % respectively. 
In other words, the paired two sample one-tail T-test showed that for both measured 
system parameters the differences between MFEC and CC are statistically significant.  
In comparison to our previously published results, where a 10-1000 Hz MF was examined, 
here the paired two sample one-tail T-test showed statistically important differences for 
both the cumulative O2 consumption and cumulative CO2 production. Also, when a 10-50 
Hz MF was applied, only one experiment showed a bit lower cumulative CO2 production 
MFEC in comparison to CC, while in the case of 10-1000 Hz a complete inconsistency was 
found. Interestingly, all other performed experiments showed that the lower cumulative 
O2 consumption is followed by the higher cumulative CO2 production in the sample 
exposed to a 10-50 Hz MF in comparison to CC. This behaviour may indicate that a low 
frequency MF for chosen scan region from 10 to 50 Hz may favorize anaerobic cells 
metabolism. However, in order to confirm whether a low frequency MF from 10-50 Hz 
favorizes anaerobic methabolism, it is important to take into account other important 
parameters of the system such as cells growth, glucose uptake and ethanol production.  
As we assumed in our previous paper, the narrowing frequency scan interval emphasized 
better effects of the MF on yeast cell respiration. However, further investigation is needed 
in order to find a scan range which covers more "bio-effective" frequencies. We believe 
that our obtained results are very promising and that they represent a good basis for 
further investigation in this field. 
 
Conclusion 
The examined MF with a constant low frequency scan regime from 10 Hz to 50 Hz in all 
five repeated experiments showed the lower cumulative O2 consumption of cells exposed 
to the MF and a better regularity for the cumulative CO2 production was obtained. Also, 
the applied paired two sample one-tail T-test showed statistically important differences 
for both the cumulative O2 consumption and cumulative CO2 production between control 
cells and the MF exposed cells. The obtained results strongly suggest that a 10-50 Hz MF 
influences cell respiration. Even though the presented results are promising, further 
investigation should cover other important properties of the system, besides respiration, 
such as cell growth, glucose consumption and ethanol production. Additionally, other MF 
frequency scan intervals should be analyzed so that the scan interval containing the most 
bio-effective frequencies could be determined. 
 
Acknowledgement: This research was financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science 
and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia, through Projects No. III 43004 and OI 172015. 
 
FH P 2 TR 56. savetovanje SHD / 56th SCS Meeting 
Niš, Srbija, 7-8. juni 2019. 29 
Uticaj niskofrekventnog magnetnog polja (10-50 Hz) na respiracionu 
aktiǀŶost ćelija kǀasĐa Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
IspitiǀaŶje utiĐaja elektƌičŶog, ŵagŶetŶog i elektƌoŵagŶetŶog polja Ŷa ŵikƌooƌgaŶizŵe je 
ǀeoŵa aktuelŶi pƌedŵet istƌaziǀaŶja, jeƌ oǀa fizička polja poteŶĐijalŶo deluju kao faktoƌi 
stresa i tako utiču Ŷa ŵikƌoďŶi ŵetaďolizaŵ, poŶašaŶje i pƌežiǀljaǀaŶje. U oǀoŵ ƌadu 
ispitivan je uticaj niskofrekventnog magnetnog polja (MP) sa konstantnim intervalom 
skeŶiƌaŶja od ϭϬ do ϱϬ рz Ŷa ƌespiƌaĐiju ćelija kǀasĐa, “. Đeƌeǀisiae. EkspeƌiŵeŶt je ƌađeŶ u 
pet poŶaǀljaŶja i pƌaćeŶ MiĐƌo-OǆǇŵaǆ® ƌespiƌoŵetƌoŵ. KuŵulatiǀŶa potƌošŶja kiseoŶika 
je ďila ŵaŶja kod ćelija izložeŶih MP u sǀih pet poŶaǀljaŶja, dok je pƌodukĐija CO2 bila 
ŶekoŶzisteŶtŶa. Međutiŵ, oǀe ƌazlike u potƌošŶji O2 i produkciji CO2 su statistički zŶačajŶe. 
Iako su dodatna ispitivanja neophodna, dobijeni rezultati ovih inicijalnih eksperimenata 
pƌedstaǀljaju doďƌu osŶoǀu za dalja istƌažiǀaŶja u oǀoj oďlasti. 
 
References 
1. W. Fan, Z. Huang, B. Fan, Microbial Pathogenesis, 115 (2018) 117–122. 
2. J. Noǀák, L. “tƌašák, L. нojt, I. “laŶiŶoǀá, V. Vetteƌl, Bioelectrochemistry, 70 (2007) 115–121. 
3. M.J. Ruiz-Gomez, M.I. Prieto-Barcia, E. Ristori-Bogajo, M. MaƌtıŶez-Morillo, Bioelectrochemistry, 
64 (2004) 151– 155. 
4. M. A. da Motta, J. B. F. Muniz, A. Schuler and M. da Motta, Biotechnol. Prog, 20 (2004) 393-396. 
5. S. Nakasono, C. Laramee, H. Saiki and K. J. McLeod, Radiation Research, 160 (2003) 25-37. 
6. L. “tƌašák, V. Vetteƌl, J. Šŵaƌda, Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, 55 (2002) 161–164. 
7. K. M. Deamici, L. O. Santos, J. A. V. Costa, Bioresource Technology, 249 (2018) 168–174. 
8. M. Lješeǀić, B. LoŶčaƌeǀić, I. N. BuďaŶja, V. Beškoski, G. Gojgić-Cǀijoǀić, ). Velikić, D. 
Stanisavljev, 55th Meeting of the Serbian Chemical Society, Novi Sad, Serbia, June 8-9, 2018, 
Proceedings, pages 31-35. 
 
 


Uticaj niskofrekventnog magnetnog polja (10-50 Hz) na respiracionu aktivnost ćelija kvasca Saccharomyces cerevisiae

http://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/bitstream/id/15709/02a_56SHD_papers.pdf

Uticaj niskofrekventnog magnetnog polja (10-50 Hz) na respiracionu aktivnost ćelija kvasca Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

CER - Central Repository of the Institute of Chemistry; Technology and Metallurgy