635-638Length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of T. ilisha was conducted for one year (2014-15) at Narmada estuary, Gujarat, India. Fish samples were collected from Bharuch, Bhadbhut, Mehgam and Ambetha landing sites covering 72 km of estuarine stretch. Two distinct fishing seasons were observed at Narmada estuary, viz., June-October and January-March, though the bulk of the harvest comes from monsoon season. A total of 312 fish samples were collected, 270 during monsoon and 42 during the winter season. The mean length and weight were recorded 35.37±11.36 cm and 625.83±39.81 g during monsoon and 36.84±3.82 cm and 537.44 ± 17.45 g during the winter season. The ‘b’ value was found to be 3.07 and 2.76 and relative condition factor was 1.02 and 1.01 during monsoon and winter seasons, respectively

Bhakta, Dibakar

Das, Sanjoy Kumar

Kamble, Suhas P.

Meetei, Wakamban Anand

Solanki, Jayesh K.

Vaisakh, G.

English

NOPR

Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 48 (05), May 2019, pp. 635-638       Season-wise length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of  Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) at Narmada estuary, Gujarat, India Dibakar Bhakta1*, Wakamban Anand Meetei1, G. Vaisakh1, Suhas P. Kamble1,  Jayesh K. Solanki1, & Sanjoy Kumar Das2 1Regional Research Centre, ICAR-CIFRI, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, 2Regional Research Centre, ICAR-CIFRI, Kolkata, West Bengal, India *[E-mail: dibakarbhakta@gmail.com] Received 09 November 2017; revised 23 April 2018 Length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of T. ilisha was conducted for one year (2014-15) at Narmada estuary, Gujarat, India. Fish samples were collected from Bharuch, Bhadbhut, Mehgam and Ambetha landing sites covering 72 km of estuarine stretch. Two distinct fishing seasons were observed at Narmada estuary, viz., June-October and January-March, though the bulk of the harvest comes from monsoon season. A total of 312 fish samples were collected, 270 during monsoon and 42 during the winter season. The mean length and weight were recorded 35.37±11.36 cm and 625.83±39.81 g during monsoon and 36.84±3.82 cm and 537.44 ± 17.45 g during the winter season. The ‘b’ value was found to be 3.07 and 2.76 and relative condition factor was 1.02 and 1.01 during monsoon and winter seasons, respectively.  [Keywords: Length-weight relationship; relative condition factor; Tenualosa ilisha; Narmada estuary] Introduction The Indian shad Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) commonly known as ‘Palva’ belongs to the sub-family Alosinae of family Clupeidae, an anadromous species. Study of length-weight relationship generally used for the conversion of growth-in-length equations to growth-in-weight equations for use in stock assessment models to estimate the stock assessment biomass from a limited sample size as indicators of fish condition (Dubey1). Length-weight relationship is an important tool in fish biology, physiology, ecology, fisheries assessment and fish conservation. In the present study, length-weight relationships and relative condition factor of T. ilisha were estimated to know the status of the hilsa fishery in Narmada estuary, Gujarat, India, which could be helpful for management of the fishery. Catches of hilsa from Narmada estuary were reported to be declining rapidly year after year, and declines have also been reported from other parts of the country. Declines of hilsa catch may be the result of over-fishing and industrial pollution (which causes large-scale mortality of fish eggs and larvae) and construction of dams (which impacts the species spawning migrations2). Several studies have been carried out in aspects of the length-weight relationship of Tenualosa ilisha from estuarine regions (Khan3, Bhaumik4 and Flura5), but no work has been reported from Narmada estuary, Gujarat, India. In this context, the present findings will be important to know the condition and status of the fishery in the Narmada estuarine region and accordingly suitable management plans may be worked out.   Materials and Methods A total of 312 T. ilisha fish samples were collected month-wise from June 2014 to May 2015 from four landing sites under Narmada estuary, Gujarat, India. Fish samples were collected from Bharuch, Bhadbhut, Mehgam and Ambetha landing sites covering 72 km of total estuarine area. The fish specimens were mainly caught by gill nets, bag nets and stake nets. Total length (TL) was taken from the tip of the snout to the extended tip of the caudal fin nearest 0.1 mm by a standard scale and weight to the nearest 0.01 g by digital weighing balance. Out of 312 specimens, 270 were collected during monsoon months and rest 42 during winter months. The mean length and weight was 35.37 ± 11.36 cm and 625.83 ± 39.81 g for monsoon season and 36.84 ± 3.82 cm and 537.44 ± 17.45 g for the winter season, respectively. The non-linear equation in the form of W = aLୠ (Le Cren6), INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 48, NO. 05, MAY 2019   636which explains the length and weight relationship  of fishes, was followed in the present study.  The significance of the exponent (b) was tested with fisher‘t’ test. The relative condition factor is given by the formula, Kn = W0 /Ŵ, where W0 is observed weight and Ŵ is calculated weight.  Results and Discussion Season-wise length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of 312 specimens of T ilisha collected from Narmada estuary for one year are presented in Table 1. Statistical parameters like, sample size, length and weight of the specimen, maximum reported length7, regression parameters of a and b for length-weight relationship, correlation of determination (r2) and relative condition factors are provided for better understanding. The minimum and maximum total length and weight were 6.5 cm (3.0 g) and 52.0 cm (1690 g) during monsoon season and 34.5 cm (31.0 g) and 45.5 cm (950 g) during the winter season, respectively. The ‘b’ value was recorded 3.07 during monsoon and 2.76 during winter season, which indicates that during monsoon growth was positive allometric (b>3) and during the winter growth was negative allometric (b<3). The coefficient of determination (r2) value was recorded 0.99  during monsoon and 0.87 during winter months (Figure 1 & 2). The relative condition factors for both the seasons were found to be more than 1 (1.02 during monsoon and 1.01 during winter), which indicates that for both the seasons fish inhabits good conditions. The length-weight relationship of T. ilisha at Narmada estuary was highly significant (p<0.01) with r2 values close to 1 for both the seasons. The ‘b’ value for both the seasons was close to 3 which indicated isometric growth of the fish. The value of exponent ‘b’ in equation W = aLb usually lies between 2.5 to 3.58. The ‘b’ value recorded during the monsoon season in the present work shows almost similar trend with the other studies like Sujansingani9 found ‘b’ value of Hilsa ilisha in the tidal stretch of Hooghly as 3.04 to 3.13 in different seasons of the years 1949-1952; Ramakrishnaiah10 reported ‘b’ value of 3.125 in combined sexes of Hilsa in Chilka Lake. Rahman11 reported ‘b’ value was 3.18 for Tenualosa ilisha in Bangladesh. Dutta12 found ‘b’ value of hilsa was 3.109 with r2 value of 0.9898 from Northern Bay of Bengal in West Bengal. The ‘b’ values of 3.211, 3.229 and 3.161 for the juveniles, female and male of Tenualosa ilisha was recorded by Boblame13. Flura5 reported ‘b’ value as 3.04 from Meghna  river, Bangladesh. Mohanty and Nayak14 reported isometric growth of Hilsa ilisha with ‘b’ value of 2.99 in the size group of 17.5 to 50.2 cm in length and 120 to 1370 gm in weight from Chilika Lake, Odisha. Sarker15 could found ‘b’ value of 3.0382 and 3.0239 of Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) for male and female respectively from Tentulia river  of Bangladesh.  Table 1 — Descriptive statistics and length-weight distribution of T. ilisha in different seasons of Narmada estuary, Gujarat, India Season n TL (cm) BW (g) Max.* (cm) Regression parameters 95% CL  of a 95% CL  of b r2 Kn value Min Max Min Max a b Monsoon  270 6.5 52.0 3.0 1690 60.0 0.0000006 3.07 0.0000005-0.0000008 3.03-3.11 0.99 1.02 Winter 42 34.5 45.5 31.0 950 60.0 0.024 2.76 0.0071-0.0844 2.42-3.11 0.93 1.01 n, sample size; TL, total length; BW, body weight; a, intercept; b, slope; CL, confidence limit; r, coefficient of determination; Min, minimum; Max, maximum. *Maximum standard length recorded from FishBase (Froese and Pauly, 2017).    Fig. 1 — Length-weight relationship of T. ilisha during monsoon months    Fig. 2 — Length-weight relationship of T. ilisha during winter months BHAKTA et al.: SEASON-WISE LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP AND RELATIVE CONDITION FACTOR  AT NARMADA ESTUARY  637Rajyalakshmi16 found ‘b’ value as 3.26 in the length group of 370-587 mm and 2.81 in the length group of 60-189 mm of the river Godavari hilsa. The little low 'b' value recorded during winter in the present work is also supported by the works of Reuben17, Amin18 and Roomiani19. Reuben17 reported the isometric growth of hilsa with ‘b’ value as 2.805 in Northeast coast of India. Amin18 reported 'b' value of 2.878 for Hilsa from the coastal region of Chittagong and ‘b’ value in female and male Hilsa of Hooghly estuary was 2.8474 and 3.2278, respectively. Dar20 reported ‘b’ values of Ilisha melastoma and Tenualosa toil as 2.62 and 2.82 respectively from Mumbai Coast, India. Roomiani19 reported ‘b’ value of 2.687 with isometric growth of Hilsa in coastal water of the north-west Persian Gulf.  A relatively higher relative condition factor was recorded during monsoon (1.02) as compared to winter (1.01) season. The value of Kn of more than 1 indicates good health and less than 1 indicate the poor condition of the fish6. Khan17 reported high relative condition factor (Kn) value during peak spawning period and feeding periods of Tenualosa ilisha. De and Datta21 reported the highest Kn value for the youngest size groups of T. ilisha at Hooghly estuarine system with the maximum value for female during the month of June and the lowest from September to October. Higher condition factor of Hilsa ilisha was reported in smaller size groups compared to larger size groups at Chilka lake10. Reuben17 found Kn value of Hilsa shad low during September and February and high in July and December. Dutta12 observed condition factor of T. ilisha as 1.141 ± 0.004 of Northern Bay of Bengal, West Bengal, India.  Conclusion The Tenualosa ilisha is found to be overfished from Narmada estuary. The use of small-size mesh nets, trawling and environment degradation are responsible for diminishing Hilsa. Knowing of stock assessment of certain species is a prerequisite for sustainable management of the fishery in a region. The data generated through the study of length-weight relationship and condition of hilsa from Narmada estuary will be useful to manage the fishery in the estuarine system.  Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the Director  of ICAR-CIFRI, Barrackpore, for providing the necessary facilities during the study period.  The authors would also like thank the local fishermen for their support and the fishery personnel for sharing valuable information.   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Season-wise length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of  Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) at Narmada estuary, Gujarat, India

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Season-wise length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) at Narmada estuary, Gujarat, India

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