Studies on the evaluation of variety performance provide opportunities to increase productivity of common bean. Therefore, the current study evaluates the performance of varieties on yield and yield components of common bean during the main cropping season of 2015 and 2016 at four locations in Segen Zone,Konso woreda (Southwestern Ethiopia) with the objectives of  selecting high yielding common bean varieties those are adapted to the study area. Fifteen released common bean varieties and one local cultivar were planted in randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis revealed that significant variation for all traits except maturity date. Highest yield obtained from Nasir(2136 kgha-1) and Hawassa dume (1948 kgha-1) followed by Sari (1751 kgha-1) were as at Addis Gebere, high grain yield was obtained from Sari (2227 kgha-1), Hawassa dume (2111 kgha-1) and Dimtu (2073 kgha-1). For average mean yield from overall location, high yield obtained from Hawassa dume (2129 kgha-1) and Nasir (2002 kgha-1) followed by Sari (1989 kgha-1). Results revealed that Hawassa dume, Nasir and Sari were best performed and better adapted varieties than the others respectively. Therefore, the above mentioned varieties are promising varieties for the production area and recommendable for area with similar agro-ecologies. Keywords: Phaseolus Vulagris L, Evaluation, Grain yield,Varieties

Bartolini M

Baruffaldi R

Lanciotti C

Paolino I

Provinciali L

Silvestrini M

English

BARTOLINI, MARCO

PROVINCIALI, LEANDRO

SILVESTRINI, Mauro

IRIS UniversitÃ  Politecnica delle Marche

Altered cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive performances in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis

Altered cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive performance in patients with bilateral asymptomatic carotid stenosis

Ersulo, Dembele

International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals

Food Science and Quality Management                                                                                                                                             www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-6088 (Paper)  ISSN 2225-0557 (Online) Vol.72, 2018  11 Evaluation of Common Bean Varieties for Yield and Yield Component in Segen Area Peoples Zone SNNPRS, Ethiopia  Dembele Ersulo*      Ashenafi Dana Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Arbaminch Agricultural Research Center  Abstract Studies on the evaluation of variety performance provide opportunities to increase productivity of common bean. Therefore, the current study evaluates the performance of varieties on yield and yield components of common bean during the main cropping season of 2015 and 2016 at four locations in Segen Zone,Konso woreda (Southwestern Ethiopia) with the objectives of  selecting high yielding common bean varieties those are adapted to the study area. Fifteen released common bean varieties and one local cultivar were planted in randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis revealed that significant variation for all traits except maturity date. Highest yield obtained from Nasir(2136 kgha-1) and Hawassa dume (1948 kgha-1) followed by Sari (1751 kgha-1) were as at Addis Gebere, high grain yield was obtained from Sari (2227 kgha-1), Hawassa dume (2111 kgha-1) and Dimtu (2073 kgha-1). For average mean yield from overall location, high yield obtained from Hawassa dume (2129 kgha-1) and Nasir (2002 kgha-1) followed by Sari (1989 kgha-1). Results revealed that Hawassa dume, Nasir and Sari were best performed and better adapted varieties than the others respectively. Therefore, the above mentioned varieties are promising varieties for the production area and recommendable for area with similar agro-ecologies.  Keywords: Phaseolus Vulagris L, Evaluation, Grain yield,Varieties.  1. Introduction Common bean (Phaseolus Vulagris L) is an annual crop which belongs to the family Fabaceae. It grows best in warm climate at temperature of 18 to 24oC (Teshale et al., 2005). Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the principal grain legumes of eastern and southern Africa, occupying more than 4 million hectare annually and providing food for more than 100 million people (Wortmann et al., 1998). It is the second most important source of dietary protein and the third most important source of calories for lower income African households after cassava and maize (Broughton et al., 2003). In Ethiopia, common bean is grown predominantly under smallholder producers as an important food crop and source of cash. The crop grows well between 1400 and 2000m above sea level.  In 2011/12, total common bean production in the country was about 3,878,023.01 quintals (1.77% of  the grain production) on approximately 331,708.15 hectares of land (2.74% of the grain crop area) (CSA, 2011). Access to new and improved agricultural technologies is limited around Konso and the potential of pulse crops is not exploited due to lack of improved varieties and poor management practices. So far, the national and regional research institutions in the country have released many varieties improved for yield and yield related traits. However, these technologies did evaluate for their adaptability potential under this area. Therefore, to overcome the above stated problems and to familiarize smallholder farmers with new technologies, there is need to evaluate widely grown, well-performed common bean varieties to target area. So, this research was initiated with the objective of selecting the high yielding common bean varieties adapted to the study area.  2. Materials and methods 2.1 Description of the study areas  This study was conducted at Addis geber and Arfyde Kebeles of Konso Woreda, in segen Area people’s Zone. Mean annual minimum and maximum temperature 27-32oc respectively and dominant soil type of the area is, loam and sandy clay and an elevation of the area was 1400- 2600 masl. The mean annual rain fall varies from 500-1300 mm, with two rainy seasons (bimodal); the belg (short rain season) and meher (main season) and mean annual temperature 27-32oc. The dominant crops growing around the experimental area are teff, sorghum, common bean and pigeon pea (KWARDO, 2015, unpublished).  2.2 Experimental treatments and Design The experiment consists of fifteen released common bean varieties (H.Dume, Sari, Awash1, Ibado, Omo95, Dimitu, Dinknesh, Dame, Nasir, chore, Cranscope, Argene, DRK, Awash-melka and AFR-702 and one local cultivar as a treatment and arranged in randomized completed block design with three replications. The experimental plot size was 2.4mx3m (7.2m2) which has 6 rows and 4 central rows were harvested. The spacing between rows and plant was 40cm and 10cm respectively. The fertilizer and seed rate was used as per recommendation and all other necessary cultural and agronomic practices were applied.  Food Science and Quality Management                                                                                                                                             www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-6088 (Paper)  ISSN 2225-0557 (Online) Vol.72, 2018  12 2.3 Data collection  Five plants from internal rows were randomly selected and data like, Number of pod per plants and number of seed per pod were recorded. Days to 50% flowering Days to 95% physiological maturity and grin yield were recorded as whole plot base.   2.4 Data analysis  The analysis of variance was done using statistical analysis system, Genstat Software. Mean separation was made and used with Least Significant Difference (LSD) for the comparison among the experimental varieties at 5% probability level.   3. Results and Discussion The mean value of analysis of variance for yield and yield related traits are presented in Table1 for over locations and Table 2 for Arfyde and Addis Gebere respectively.The analysis of variance revealed that common bean varieties evaluated were significantly different (p< 0.05) at both locations and over locations in all parameters except maturity date. At Arfyde highest grain yield obtained from Nasir (2136 kgha-1) and Hawassa dume (1948 kgha-1) followed by Sari (1751 kgha-1) without significant difference between three. Were as at Addis Gebere high grain yield obtained from Sari (2227 kgha-1), Hawassa dume (2111 kgha-1) and Dimtu (2073 kgha-1). But for average mean yield from overall location, high yield obtained from Hawassa dume (2129 kgha-1) and Nasir (2002 kgha-1) without significant difference between two. Similar study was conducted by Wondimu et al, (2018) and high grain yield obtained from Nasir(196.5kgha-1).In the contrary, Biru and dereje,(2014) conducted similar study and investigated low yield from Hawassa dume (1150kg). The lowest grain yield is obtained from Argene (1174 kgha-1).  Highest number of pod per plant was recorded on Argene (19.26) and Dimtu (15.60). On the other hand the lowest number of pod per plant (8.77and7.93) obtained from DRK at Addis Gebere and Arfyde respectively. This result is in agreement with Gebre-Egziabher et al, (2011) lowest pod per plant obtained on DRK (7.21).Number of pod per plant is influenced by growth habit of common bean varieties. For instance, Worku (2008) reported that the indeterminate types of common bean varieas produce higher number of pod per plant compared with determinate type (Worku (2008). At Arfayde, High number of seed per pod obtained from Omo-95(5.35), Dimtu (5.31) and Awash-1(5.23) without significant difference between three. Were as at Addis Gebere, high number of seed per pod obtained from Awash Melka (5.77), Dimtu(5.54) and Argene (5.43) without significant difference between three. On the other hand for over location, highest number of seed per pod obtained from Awash-1 and Awash Mleka for (5.12) The highest number of seed per pod from Awash melka was in line with a previous study by Wondimu et al, (2018) who reported highest number of seed per pod obtained from Awash melka (5.45). Tsubo et al, (2004) reported that haricot bean varieties exhibited variations in number of seeds per pod. Wondimu et al, (2018) reported number of seeds in indeterminate and bush genotypes was superior to semi-climbing types and upright growth habit allows better light distribution throughout canopy of bush type varieties of common bean.   Food Science and Quality Management                                                                                                                                             www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-6088 (Paper)  ISSN 2225-0557 (Online) Vol.72, 2018  13 Table 1: The mean of common bean yield and yield component parameters over locations 2015-2016 cropping season Varieties FD MD NPP NSP GY(kgha-1) Awash-1 43.42cdef 84.67 14.10abc 5.12ab 1498cd Omo-95 45.17abcde 84.25 11.82def 4.95abc 1533cd H.dume 44.33abcde  84.58 12.1bcde 4.15ef 2129a Dinknesh 45.92a 87.33 12.70cde 4.92abc 1668cd Chore 45.92a 86.83 12.62cde 4.41cde 1676cd Awashmelka 45.58abc 85.67 14.63abc 5.12ab 1724cd DRK 43.25def 86.33 8.35f 4.06ef 1372d Dimtu 45.50abcd 86.75 14.15abc 5.43a 1726c Dame 45.08abcde 86.67 9.58ef 4.09ef 1481d Local 44.25abcdef 86.92 11.58def 3.78f 1408cd Sari 45.75ab 86.00 11.10def 4.45cdef 1989b AFR-702 43.17ef 85.83 10.87def 4.33def 1597cd Cranscope 43.58bcdef 85.50 10.72def 4.12ef 1663cd Ibado 42.00f 83.92 11.03def 4.02f 1485cd Nasir 43.50bcdef 85.92 15.43ab 4.75bcd 2002ab Argene 44.83abcde 85.50 16.30a 4.75bcd 1174e CV(%) 6.4 4.7 25.39 15.9 13.26 LSD(%) 3.25 NS 3.71 0.58 5.10 Mean 44.45 85.79 12.32 4.56 16.17 Note: means with the same letters are not significantly different. NSP=number of seed per pod, NPP=number of pod per plant, GY=grain yield in tone per hectare, HSW=hundred seed weight, FD=50% flowering date, MD=90% maturity date,  CV=coefficient of variation and LSD=least significance.   Table 2: The mean of common bean yield and yield component parameters at Arfyde  and Addis Gebere Kebele 2015-2016 cropping season                           Arfyde            Addis Gebere Varieties FD MD NPP NSP GY (kgha-1) FD MD NPP NSP GY (kgha-1) Awash-1 42.83def 83.00 16.61b 5.15ab 1538c 44.00bcd 86.33 11.6cdef 5.09cd 1457fg Omo-95 44.83abcd 84.00 13.60bcd 5.35a 1514cd 45.50abcd 84.50 10.03fg 4.54efg 1553defg H.dume 43.17cdef 82.67 12.77bcde 4.25cde 1948ab 45.50abcd 86.50 11.47def 4.05g 2111ab Dinknesh 45.00abcd 86.83 11.73cde 4.80ab 1538c 46.83a 87.83 13.67bc 5.04cd 1798cdef chore 45.33abc 86.17 12.30cde 4.17cdef 1372cde 46.50ab 87.50 12.93cde 4.95cde 1981cd Awashmelka 46.00ab 85.17 14.40bc 4.27cde 1456cd 45.17abcd 86.17 14.87b 5.77a 1991c DRK 41.83ef 84.83 8.77e 3.93def 1198de 44.67abcd 87.83 7.93g 4.18fg 1546defg Dimtu 45.83ab 86.00 12.70bcde 5.31a 1480cd 45.17abcd 87.50 15.60a 5.54ab 2073ab Dame 45.00abcd 85.83 8.90e 3.88ef 1258cde 45.17abcd 87.50 10.27efg 4.30fg 1703cdef local 47.00a 89.17 13.37bcd 4.52bc 1230cde 43.50d 84.67 9.80fg 3.35h 1586defg Sari 45.50abc 86.50 11.33cde 4.30cdef 1751b 46.00abc 85.50 10.87def 4.61def 2227a AFR-702 41.83ef 85.50 9.90de 4.06def 1276cde 44.50abcd 86.17 11.83def 4.60def 1917cd Cranscope 42.83def 85.00 10.97cde 3.76f 1479cd 44.33abcd 86.00 10.47efg 4.48efg 1846cdef Ibado 40.83f 82.00 10.00de 3.70f 1465cd 41.17e 85.83 12.07cdef 4.33fg 1505efg Nasir 43.33cde 85.00 16.80b 4.62b 2136a 43.67cd 86.83 14.07bc 4.87cde 1869cde Argene 43.67bcde 84.33 19.26a 4.27cde 10.77e 46.00abc 86.67 13.33bcd 5.43ab 1271g CV(%) 4.7 3.8 24.8 13.5 18.6 5.3 2.7 20.4 9.1 19.8 LSD(%) 2.41 NS 4.225 0.69 3.16 2.79 NS 2.81 0.49 4.02  Mean 44.05 85.12 12.71 4.434 14.70 44.85 86.46 11.93 4.68 17.65 Note: means with the same letters are not significantly different. NSP=number of seed per pod, NPP=number of pod per plant, GY=grain yield in tone per hectare, HSW=hundred seed weight, FD=50% flowering date, MD=90% maturity date,     CV=coefficient of variation and LSD=least significance.  The ANOVA result for combined analysis showed significant variation at (p<0.001) between treatments for number of seed per pod and number of pod per plant were as Significant variation at (p<0.05) level was observed for flowering date and grain yield. There was no significant variation between treatments for maturity date. For location, significant variation at (0.05) level was observed for all parameters except number of pod per plants. For treatment by location interaction significant variation at (p<0.05) was observed for only number of seed per pod.   Food Science and Quality Management                                                                                                                                             www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-6088 (Paper)  ISSN 2225-0557 (Online) Vol.72, 2018  14 Table 3: Mean Square Values for Yield and Yield Components of Common Bean as Influenced by variety over locations Sourceof variation DF FD NPP NSP MD GY(kgha-1) Trt 15 17.04* 55.62** 2.52** 12.46 ns 581206* Lo 1 30.88* 29.77ns 2.97* 85.33* 4203496* Trt*Lo 15 12.347 ns 21.74 ns 1.33* 12.32ns 251293 ns Error 60 8.150 21.21 0.53 15.97 395772 NSP=seed per pod, NPP=pod per plant, GY(kgha-1)=yield in kilogram per hectare, HSW=hundred seed weight, FD=50% flowering date, MD=90% maturity date, *= Significant at 0.05 probability level,**= Significant at 0.01 probability level, NS=non- significant, TRT=treatment, Lo=locations, NSP=number of seed per pod and Npp= number of pod per plants   4. Summery and conclusion Production of common bean trough adaptation and selecting high yielding, improved varieties could provide an important contribution to change the livelihood of farmers  in in areas like Konso where there is low practice of producing  improved varieties of common bean. However there is no practice of using improved verities in this area. Thus this research work initiated to identify high yielding common bean varieties those are adapted to the area and disseminate for further production.  Therefore, performance of fifteen   released varieties and one   local check was evaluated at Konso woreda of Segen Area People Zone during the 2015 and 2016 cropping season. The result of the study generally revealed that significant difference between common bean varieties for their performances with respect to yield and yield components. Varieties Hawassa Dume, Nasir and Sari were best performed varieties than the others respectively. In the experimental area most of the farmers use local cultivar which is low yielder. Therefore, the result clearly show that the use of high yielding varieties such as Hawassa Dume, Nasir, and Sari could be best substitutes for the local check and promising varieties for the production area. Hence, if the above mentioned varieties demonstrated and popularized to the small-scale holder farmers, they can boost the income of poor farmer.    5. References Biru Alemu and Dereje Abera.2014. Adaptation Study of Improved Haricot Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)Varieties at Western Oromia, Haro Sabu, Ethiopia. Advances in Life Science and Technology, Vol.25, 2014 Broughton, W. J.; Hernandez, G.; Blair, M.; Beebe, S.; Gepts, P and Vanderleyden, J.     2003.Beans (Phaseolus spp.)model food legumes. Plant Soil; 252: 55 – 128. Central Statistics Authority (CSA). 2011. Agricultural Sample Survey 2010/11. Report on Area and Production of Crops (Privat3 Peasant Holdings, “Meher” Season), Vol. IV Statistical Bulletin 446, Addis Ababa: May, 2011. 1-82 Gebre-Egziabher Murut, Hadush Tsehaye and Fetien Abay.2014. Agronomic performance of some haricot bean varieties (haseolus vulgaris L.) with and without phosphorus fertilizer under irrigated and rain fed conditions in the Tigray and Afar regional states, northern Ethiopia. Department of Dryland Crop and Horticultural Sciences, 6(2):95-109, Teshale, Assefa, Girma,  Abebe, Chemeda,  Fininsa, Bulti, Tesso & Abdel-Rahman M. Al-    Tawaha. 2005. Participatory Bean Breeding with Women and Small Holder Farmers in Eastern Ethiopia. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1: 28-35. Tsubo M, Ogindo H, Walker S (2004). Yield evaluation of maize\bean intercropping in semi-arid regions of South Africa. Afr. Crop Sci. J. 12(4):351-358. Wondwosen Wondimu, Abebe Bogale and Tsegaye Babege.2018. Evaluation of varietal responses for growth, yield and yield components of haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in two districts at Bench- Maji Zone,  Southwest Ethiopia. Vol. 12(1), pp. 1-6,  Worku W (2008). Evaluations of Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) Genotypes of Diverse Growth Habit Under Sole and intercropping with Maize in Southern, Ethiopia. J. Agron. 7(4):306-313. Wortmann, C.S., R.A. Kirkby, C.A. Elude, and D.J. Allen. 1998. Atlas of common bean    (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Africa. CIAT, Cali, Colombia.       

Evaluation of Common Bean Varieties for Yield and Yield Component in Segen Area Peoples Zone SNNPRS, Ethiopia

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Evaluation of Common Bean Varieties for Yield and Yield Component in Segen Area Peoples Zone SNNPRS, Ethiopia

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IRIS UniversitÃ Politecnica delle Marche

IRIS UniversitÃ Politecnica delle Marche

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