Woods, Richard

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Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive

Neurodiversity Movement and Rational Demand Avoidance: The clash of 2 competing biopower technologies in actionWOODS, RichardAvailable from Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at:http://shura.shu.ac.uk/24120/This document is the author deposited version.  You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it.Published versionWOODS, Richard (2018). Neurodiversity Movement and Rational Demand Avoidance: The clash of 2 competing biopower technologies in action. In: PARC Critical Autism Studies Conference, London, UK, 18 Jul 2018. (Unpublished) Copyright and re-use policySee http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.htmlSheffield Hallam University Research Archivehttp://shura.shu.ac.ukRichard Woods. 18th of July 2018. PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 1 Neurodiversity Movement and Rational Demand Avoidance: The clash of 2 competing biopower technologies in action. PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 2 My Bias.  - The presenter meets the RDA profile. - The presenter is a RDA sceptic, significantly more compelling research supporting RDA. - Rational Demand Avoidance (RDA) (Milton 2017; Woods, Forthcoming).  BIAS. PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 3 DISCLAIMER. Disclaimer.  - After reflection this content is different to the submitted abstract. - “If you think you understand Foucault, you do not understand Foucault”, Gill Loomes. - Based on United Kingdom Neurodiversity movement and RDA supporters. PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 4 BIOPOWER TECHNOLOGY. The nature of power.  - Subtle and is everywhere. - Comes with resistance and knowledge. - Technology used to control (Foucault 1978). - SEND Code of Practice is an example (Burch 2018; Lehane 2017). - Difference stakeholders can use different technologies. PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 5 POWER OF DIFFERENCE. Neurodiversity.  - Autism & other impairments are natural human differences (Arnold 2017). - Stakeholders: Autistics persons. - Agenda: De-pathologising of autism (Chown and Leatherland 2018). PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 6 POWER OF DIFFERENCE. Neurodiversity.  - Tends to be offered for free: conferences, journals and autism show. - Does sell books. - Strength in knowledge, epistemically in theory and research. - Critical Autism Studies. - Weaknesses: Power differentials and tokenism. PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 7 POWER OF DEFICITS. Rational Demand Avoidance.  - Newson in 1980 (Gillberg 2014), modern traits are: - Consistent resistance to every day demands.  - Demand avoidance can use social strategies. - Ease at role play and pretend.  - Lability of mood and impulsivity due to need for control.  - Obsessive behaviour.  - Surface sociability that lacks social identity /pride/ shame (Green et al 2018). PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 8 POWER OF DEFICITS. Rational Demand Avoidance.  - Stakeholders: Clinicians, charities and parents. - Agenda: RDA recognised officially as part of ASD (Christie et al 2012; Russell 2018). - Strengths: Organisation, power differentials & motivation. - Weakness: Conflict of interests (Woods 2017) & extreme position. - Conferences, books & work training.  - Articles can be open access (O’Nions et al 2016). PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 9 STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES. Neurodiversity Movement.  - No central body co-ordinating & ad-hoc. - Participatory Autism Research Collective. - Autonomy, the Critical Journal of Interdisciplinary Autism Studies. - Autscape. - National Autistic Taskforce. - Dependent on external help. PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 10 STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES. Rational Demand Avoidance.  - Co-ordinated and organised structures. - PDA Development Group. - National Autistic Society. - PDA Society. - National PDA Campaign. - Social Media pages. - Are independent of external support. - Blurred boundaries and conflict of interests. PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 11 CLASHING TECHNOLOGIES. Rational Avoidant ableism.  Ableism: “a network of beliefs, processes and practices that produces a particular kind of self and body (the corporeal standard) that is projected as the perfect, species-typical and therefore essential and fully human. Disability is cast as a diminished state of being human” (Campbell 2008). PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 12 CLASHING TECHNOLOGIES. Rational Avoidant ableism. - RDA is contrasted against autism stereotypes: - Intense emotions and dysregulation. - Superficial Theory of Mind. - Manipulates others. - Need for control. - Roleplay and fantasy. - Dislikes routines. - Likes novelty. - Makes eye contact(Christie 2007; Newson et al 2003). - Female form of autism (Gould and Ashton-Smith 2011). PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 13 CLASHING TECHNOLOGIES. Why not try self-stigma?  - Self-stigma: Awareness, agreeing and application. - Self-esteem and self-efficacy. - Avoiding evidence based practices.  - Can be countered with positive group identity (Corrigan et al 2009). PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 14 CLASHING TECHNOLOGIES. Why not try self-stigma?  - RDA’s pathologising discourse. - Low self-esteem 73% (Russell 2018). - PDA by PDAers (Cat 2018). - Applicable to RDA carers. PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 15 CLASHING TECHNOLOGIES. Internalised Ableism.  - Complaints. - Name calling. - Secret documents. - Sally Cat’s recent petition. PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 16 CLASHING TECHNOLOGIES. Internalised Ableism.  - Power is knowledge (Flyvbjerg 2001). - Keeps autistic persons divided. - Mercy of disability of charities (Oliver 2013). - Diverting research interest from community wishes (Woods 2017). PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 17  ASSIMILATION. Whose Neurodiversity?  - RDA supporters using neurodiversity. - Is it the same as ours? - Neurodiversity appropriation? - If so, does this matter? PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 18 COPY CATS? Areas of cross-pollination.  - Rational Demand Avoidance and de-pathologising language. - Pedagogy research using RDA strategies (Woods, Forthcoming). - Autistic demand avoidance behaviour research (Woods 2018). - Development of RDA theory using autistic theory (Milton 2018). - Full support for all autistic persons. - Ethical debate is crucial for this. PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 19 COPY CATS? Neurodiversity Mobilisation.  - RDA advocates are organised and effective. - Neurodiversity movement could copy this model. - Would take collective decision. - Avoid conflict of interests. PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 20 The End Game.  - Contact Details: richardwoodsautism@gmail.com  - Twitter handle: - @Richard_Autism  - My blog, Rational Demand Avoidance: https://rationaldemandavoidance.com/  - Any questions? ANY QUESTIONS. PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 21 References.  - Arnold, L. (2017). A brief history of “Neurodiversity” as a concept and perhaps a movement. Autonomy, the Critical Journal of Interdisciplinary Autism Studies, 1(5). - Burch, L. (2018). Governmentality of adulthood: a critical discourse analysis of the 2014 Special Educational Needs and Disability Code of Practice. Disability and Society, 33(1), 94-114. - Campbell, F. (2008). Exploring Internalized Ableism Using Critical Race Theory. Disability and Society, 23(2), 151–162. - Cat, S. (2018). PDA by PDAers, from anxiety to avoidance and masking to meltdowns. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. - Chown, N. and Leatherland, J. (2018). An Open Letter to Professor David Mandell Editor-in-Chief, Autism in response to the article “A new era for autism research, and for our journal”. Autonomy, the Critical Journal of Interdisciplinary Autism Studies, 1(5). - Christie, P. (2007). The distinctive clinical and educational needs of children with pathological demand avoidance syndrome: guidelines for good practice. Good Autism Practice, 8(1), 3–11. JOB REFERENCES. PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 22 References.  - Christie, P., Duncan, M., Fidler, R. & Healey, Z. (2012). Understanding Pathological Demand Avoidance Syndrome in Children: A Guide for Parents, Teachers and Other Professionals. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. - Corrigan, P., Larson, J., & Rüsch, N. (2009). Self-stigma and the “why try” effect: impact on life goals and evidence-based practices. World Psychiatry, 8(2), 75-81. - Flyvbjerg, B. (2001). Making Social Science Matter: Why Social Inquiry Fails and How it Can Succeed Again. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. - Foucault, M. (1978). The History of Sexuality, Volume 1: An introduction. New York: Random House. - Gillberg, C. (2014). Commentary: PDA – public display of affection or pathological demand avoidance? – reflections on O’Nions et al. (2014). Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(7), 769–770. - Gould, J, and Ashton-Smith, J. (2011). Missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis? Girls and women on the autism spectrum. Good Autism Practice, 12(1), 34-41. - Green, J., Absoud, M., Grahame, V., Malik, O., Simonoff, E., Le Couteur, A., & Baird, G. (2018a). Pathological Demand Avoidance: symptoms but not a syndrome. Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 2(6), 455–464. JOB REFERENCES. PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 23 References.  - Lehane, T. (2017). “SEN’s completely different now”: critical discourse analysis of three “Codes of Practice for Special Educational Needs” (1994; 2001; 2015). Educational Review, 69(1), 51–67. - Milton, D. (2017). Educational discourse and the autistic student: a study using Q-sort methodology. In Milton, D. (Ed.), A Mismatch of Salience: Explorations of the nature of autism from theory to practice (pp 163-179). Hove, UK: Pavilion Publishing and Media Limited. - Milton, D. (2018). Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) and alternative explanations: a critical overview (Conference Paper). Retrieved from: https://kar.kent.ac.uk/67064/1/PDA%20and%20alternative%20explanations.pdf  (Accessed 07 November 2018). - Newson, E., Le Maréchal, K., & David, C. (2003). Pathological demand avoidance syndrome: a necessary distinction within the pervasive developmental disorders. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 88(7), 595–600. - Oliver, M. (2013). The social model of disability: thirty years on. Disability & Society, 28(7), 1024-1026. JOB REFERENCES. PARC Neurodiversity and RDA 24 References.  - O’Nions, E., Gould, J., Christie, P., Gillberg, C., Viding, E., & Happé, F. (2016). Identifying features of ‘pathological demand avoidance’ using the Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO). European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 25(4), 407–419. - Russell, S. (2018). Being Misunderstood: Experiences of the Pathological Demand Avoidance Profile of ASD (Online report). Retrieved from: https://www.pdasociety.org.uk/resources/research-summary/2018-survey  (Accessed 16 November 2018). - Woods, R. (2017). Pathological demand avoidance: my thoughts on looping effects and commodification of autism. Disability & Society, 34(5), 753–758. - Woods, R. (2018). Rational (Pathological) Demand Avoidance: what it is not, what it could be & what it does (Conference Paper). Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325181432_Demand_Avoidance_what_it_is_not_what_it_could_be_what_it_does (Accessed 07 November 2018). - Woods, R. (Forthcoming). Pathological Demand Avoidance: Is It Time to Move beyond the Pathological Need to Not to Develop More Inclusive Pedagogical Practices? Autonomy, the Critical Journal of Interdisciplinary Autism Studies. JOB REFERENCES. 

Neurodiversity Movement and Rational Demand Avoidance: The clash of 2 competing biopower technologies in action

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Neurodiversity Movement and Rational Demand Avoidance: The clash of 2 competing biopower technologies in action

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